Rosarno, in the ‘toe’ of Italy’s boot and the base of the ’Ndrangheta, has grown immensely rich from drug trafficking, in particular cocaine
When police went after Mafia boss Francesco ‘The Fat Head’ Pesce in southern Italy, they ended up with more than they bargained for: his local soccer team, Rosarnese.
The semi-professional squad, controlled by the Pesce crime family for years, according to a clan member who turned State’s witness in 2010, found itself placed under judicial control in 2011 and in need of new sponsors.
Though soccer is virtually a religion in Italy, no new backer came forward – for fear of angering the ’Ndrangheta, a powerful Mafia network in Calabria, the region in the ‘toe’ of Italy. Last July, after a dismal season of 24 losses, five draws and just five wins, the Rosarnese team was dismantled.
The demise of the soccer club, which was a small part of €220 million in assets law officers seized from the Pesce clan, illustrates the growing influence of the ’Ndrangheta.
The group’s economic clout now surpasses that of its more famous Sicilian cousin, the Cosa Nostra, Italy’s top anti-Mafia magistrates say.
“Today the Calabrian Mafia is a national and an international force. It pollutes the economy and is heavily compromising the political system,” said Pierpaolo Romani, national coordinator of an association uniting city governments against the Mafia and author of the 2012 book Criminal Soccer about the mob’s interest in the sport.
“With a football team, the ’Ndrangheta expands both its economic reach and its political standing in a community.”
The ’Ndrangheta has grown rich thanks to a business strategy focused on cocaine.
Just five kilometres from Rosarno is the huge container port of Gioia Tauro, where almost half of all the cocaine seized by police in Italy last year was found. The harbour, positioned halfway between the Strait of Gibraltar and the Suez Canal, is a key commercial hub and has become the ’Ndrangheta’s main artery for South American cocaine and other contraband, which it hides in the flow of legal cargo.
The police have had some victories over the ’Ndrangheta and other Mafia groups.
Pesce, for instance, was convicted for racketeering and Mafia conspiracy and is serving a 20-year sentence in a high-security prison. He denies any wrongdoing and is appealing the ruling.
Despite such gains, the sums involved in organised crime in Italy – which will vote in a new Parliament next month – remain enormous. Taken together, Italy’s main crime groups – the ’Ndrangheta, the Cosa Nostra, and the Camorra from the southern city of Naples – would have an annual turnover of €116 billion, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
That is more than the annual sales of Italy’s biggest company, oil-giant Eni.
At Gioia Tauro’s docks, more than 1,000 employees load and unload containers 24 hours a day, seven days a week, closing only on Christmas and New Year’s Day.
At night, floodlights illuminate the 3.2km-long quay. Pinpointing a few duffle bags of cocaine – the typical shipping method in recent months – among the non-stop cargo shuffle is like trying to find a grain of black sand on a white beach.
The port authority declined to comment on drug smuggling. But investigators say the duffle bags packed with super-pure cocaine weigh about 40-45 kilos each and are light enough to be lifted by one man. They can be tossed into a container in a Central or South American port and removed quickly at Gioia Tauro before customs officials have a chance to intercept them. The containers are easily resealed to leave no trace.
“The containers are Trojan horses,” said Claudio Petrozziello, commander of the province’s finance police, as container carriers whizzed around the dock behind him.
Each duffle bag of cocaine is worth as much as €2.25 million wholesale, and about €9 million on the street. Mostly – the Interior Ministry estimates 90 per cent of the time – the criminal clan’s bag-man, and not the police, gets to the contraband first.
Nevertheless, finance police and customs authorities are having increasing success.
In June 2012, finance police found 17 black Jansport bags containing foil-wrapped and vacuum-sealed bricks of South American cocaine. The haul was worth more than €38 million wholesale, and at least four times as much on the street. The police are still hunting the smugglers.
In total, the police seized in excess of two tons of cocaine at the port last year, more than double the amount of 2011, according to finance police data.
Daniele Testi, a spokesman for Contship, the container terminal logistics firm at the port, said: “What is happening in Gioia Tauro is what is happening in all the world’s largest ports. Contship continues to believe that the police must do all they can to fight crime. What we are trying to do is make sure that the business runs smoothly, is successful, and continues to provide jobs.”
In an attempt to loosen the grip of the Calabrian mob, authorities in Rome dissolved Rosarno’s city council in 2008 because it had been infiltrated by the ’Ndrangheta. When new mayoral elections were held two years later, Elisabetta Tripodi, who had previously worked as a secretary in the city hall, won. Explaining why she took on such a challenge, she said: “I did not want Rosarno to be known as a town of racists and mobsters.”
As well as being blighted by the Mafia, the town’s image had also been tarnished by violent clashes between African migrant workers and locals in January 2010.
Since then, Tripodi has taken an unprecedented stand against the ’Ndrangheta, going so far as to sue Pesce, 35, in civil court for damages in the case involving the soccer team and other local businesses.
The court awarded the city a €50 million settlement, which is to be paid from a state fund of confiscated Mafia cash.
In retaliation, the ’Ndrangheta vandalised city property, and Tripodi received a threatening letter.
“These threats convinced us that we were heading down the right path, because it meant that what we were doing was bothersome,” Tripodi said.
She now lives under 24-hour police protection, and when she is in her office in town hall, she closes a steel door behind her.
“I’ve had bodyguards with me at all times for 14 months.
“Everything in my life has changed,” she said, adding that her two sons, 12 and 16 years old, hope that she serves only one term.
But the glowing lights of the port in the distance were a reminder that Rosarno, like Italy, still has a long fight ahead.
• Additional reporting by Antonio Denti, Roberto Mignucci and Alessandro Bianchi in Gioia Tauro.
Elisabetta Tripodi, the mayor of Rosarno, lives under 24-hour police protection.