Tens of thousands of people marked the anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima yesterday, as a rising tide of anti-nuclear sentiment swells in post-Fukushima Japan.

We will establish an energy mix people will feel safe with

Ageing survivors, relatives, government officials and foreign delegates attended the annual ceremony at Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, commemorating the US bombing of the western Japanese city nearly seven decades ago.

An American B-29 bomber named Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945, turning the city into a nuclear inferno and killing an estimated 140,000 in the final chapter of World War II.

At 8.15 a.m. (23:15 GMT), the time of detonation, the toll of a bell set off a moment of silence.

Pedestrians came to a standstill and bowed slightly, joining their hands in prayer under scorching sunshine.

“On this day, in this city, let me proclaim again: There must never be another nuclear attack – never,” said Angela Kane, UN representative for disarmament affairs, reading a message from Secretary General Ban Ki-moon.

“Such weapons have no legitimate place in our world. Their elimination is both morally right and a practical necessity in protecting humanity.”

Some 50,000 people attended the official ceremony, while thousands of others joined demonstrations, marches, forums and concerts held across the city, a long-time focal point for the global movement against nuclear weapons.

Among the attendees was Clifton Truman Daniel, 55, grandson of former US President Harry Truman, who authorised the bombing of Hiroshima and the port city of Nagasaki three days later.

The Allied powers have long argued that the bombings brought a quick end to the war by speeding up Japan’s surrender, preventing millions more casualties from a land invasion planned for later in the year.

Daniel is the first Truman relative to attend the anniversary event in Japan.

Around 700 people, including atomic bomb survivors and evacuees from the Fukushima area also staged an anti-nuclear rally, the latest in a series of protests triggered by last year’s atomic crisis.

An earthquake-sparked tsunami left some 19,000 dead or missing and knocked out cooling systems at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, causing meltdowns that spread radiation over a large area and forced thousands to leave their homes.

Usually sedate Japan has seen a string of anti-nuclear protests since Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda ordered the restart of two reactors.

Many atomic bomb survivors, known as “hibakusha”, oppose both military and civil use of nuclear power, pointing to the tens of thousands who were killed instantly in the Hiroshima blast and the many more who later died from radiation sickness and cancers linked to the attack.

“We want to work together with people in Fukushima and join our voices, calling for no more nuclear victims,” said Toshiyuki Mimaki, 70, an atomic bomb survivor.

Kumiko Okamoto, a 38-year-old mother of two, who fled to Hiroshima from disaster-struck northern Japan, said: “There is no difference between atomic bombs and nuclear accidents”.

Mr Noda has defended the restarts, citing looming power shortages after Japan switched off its 50 nuclear reactors – which once provided the resource-poor country with a third of its energy – in the wake of the Fukushima crisis.

Hiroshima mayor Kazumi Matsui called on the government “to establish without any delay an energy policy that guards the safety and security of the people”.

But Mr Noda, who also attended the event, only said: “We will establish an energy mix with which people can feel safe in the long- and medium-term, based on our policy that we will not rely on nuclear power.”

Demonstrators marched around the headquarters of Chugoku Electric Power, a regional utility which has reactors of its own, chanting: “Noda should quit. We oppose nuclear power.”

Weekly demonstrations outside the Prime Minister’s official residence have drawn thousands, while a rally in west Tokyo saw a crowd of 170,000.

There are fears it could be decades before the area around Fuku­shima is deemed safe for human habitation.

But Tamotsu Baba, the mayor of Namie, a community within a no-go zone near the plant, told reporters ahead of the ceremony:

“I renewed my determination to rebuild our town like what Hiroshima did”.

Factbox

• During World War II, Hiroshima was the headquarters of a number of Japanese army units. It also had large depots of military supplies and was a key centre for shipping.

• Hiroshima escaped a number of air raids but to protect against potential firebombings, students between 11 and 14 years of age were mobilised to demolish houses and create firebreaks.

• On Monday, August 6, 1945 at 8.15 a.m., the Atomic Bomb “Little Boy” was dropped on the city by an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, directly killing an estimated 80,000 people.

• By the end of the year, injury and radiation brought total casualties to 140,000.

• Approximately 69 per cent of the city’s buildings were completely des­troyed and another seven per cent severely damaged.

• Research about the effects of the attack was restricted during the occupation of Japan and information censored until the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951, restoring control to the Japanese.

The oleander is the official flower of Hiroshima because it was the first to bloom after the bombing. It is poisonous.The oleander is the official flower of Hiroshima because it was the first to bloom after the bombing. It is poisonous.

• The oleander is the official flower of the city of Hiroshima because it was the first to bloom again after the explosion of the atomic bomb.

• On September 17 that year, the city was also struck by the Makurazaki Typhoon which left more than 3,000 deaths and injuries.

• The city was rebuilt after the war, with the help from the national government through the Hiroshima Peace Memorial City Construction Law passed in 1949. Hiroshima was proclaimed a City of Peace by the Japanese Parliament in 1969.

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