Many of Shakira and Versace's friends in the small Romanian town of Barbulesti do not know how to hold a pencil. Like many Roma kids, they have never had one.

However, there is a growing realisation that to change the desperate state of the Roma community, you have to catch them young.

And now Shakira, Versace and 18 other children aged between three and five have embarked on an intensive course to get them ready for kindergarten - a first step to reducing the high rate of school failure among the Roma minority.

Over four weeks before school starts on September 15, they are being given lessons ranging from how to express themselves to basic hygiene.

"The sooner we start, the better we develop the children's knowledge and social abilities," says Miralena Mamina from Save the Children, the non-government group that is organising the programme for 860 kids who will be going to school for the first time.

In a room with pictures of fairy tale characters pinned on the walls next to numbers and letters, teacher Mihaela Rantes smiles as her young charges sit colouring or assembling plastic pieces.

From time to time she asks for help from an assistant, given the official title of "mediator", who translates from Romanian to Romani, the traditional Roma language.

Romania has one of the largest Roma communities in Europe: 530,000 according to the 2002 census and some 2.5 million, according to non-governmental organisations. Fearing discrimination many do not declare their ethnic origin.

Their worries are fuelled by events such as a recent concert by US pop singer Madonna in Bucharest when several thousands of fans jeered her after she condemned "discrimination against Romas and gypsies in general in eastern Europe".

In Barbulesti, southern Romania, more than 98 per cent of the 7,000 inhabitants are ethnic Romas. Constantin Stoica, a 55 year-old former locksmith, started work as a "mediator" three years ago after finishing an Education Ministry course. He talks endlessly with parents from his Roma community to convince them of the importance of going to school.

"I give them my example. Even at my age, I went to school", he said, adding that all of his 30 nephews went to school or will go.

Countless Roma children do not go to school or drop out after primary school. According to a 2008 government study, 19 per cent of Romas aged 18 to 29 have never been to school, compared to 1.8 percent of non-Roma Romanians.

Poverty, distrust in institutions seen as racist, and early marriages in the traditional communities are among the complex causes of this lack of schooling.

"Due to enduring social exclusion, school is not seen as a valuable thing," said Nicoleta Bitu of the Roma rights group Romani Criss.

"One can not achieve anything with it. Even if you do great in school you remain society's 'tzigan'," she added, referring to the pejorative term for gypsy in Romania.

"There is always someone to remind you that you are just a gypsy."

She said that some teachers use language which discourages children from continuing school. And despite an official ban on segregation between communities in schools, Romani Criss keeps bringing cases to light. Authorities admit there is still a long way to go but stress they are making progress.

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