At least 153 people have died after a commercial airliner crashed into a densely populated area of Nigeria's largest city.

The cause of the Dana Air crash in Lagos remains unknown, as firefighters and police struggle to put out the flames around the wreckage of the Boeing MD83 aircraft.

Authorities could not control the crowd of thousands gathered around to see the crash site, with some crawling over the plane's broken wings and standing on a still-smouldering landing gear.

Harold Demuren, the director-general of Nigeria's Civil Aviation Authority, said everyone on board the flight was killed in the crash, with the Lagos state government saying that 153 people were on the flight travelling from Nigeria's central capital of Abuja to Lagos in the nation's south-west.

The flight's pilots radioed to the Lagos control tower just before the crash, saying the plane had engine trouble, a military official said.

Rescue officials fear many others have been killed or injured on the ground, but no other casualty figures are immediately available.

Firefighters and local residents were seen carrying the corpse of a man from one building, as its walls still crumbled and flames shot from its roof more than an hour after the crash.

President Goodluck Jonathan has declared three days of national mourning in Africa's most populous nation.

The aircraft appeared to have landed on its belly into the neighbourhood that sits along the typical approach path taken by aircraft heading into Lagos' Murtala Muhammed International Airport.

The plane tore through roofs, sheared a mango tree and rammed into a woodwork studio, a printing press and at least two large apartment buildings in the neighbourhood before coming to a halt.

While local residents helped carry fire hoses to the crash site, the major challenges of life in oil-rich Nigeria quickly became apparent as there was not any water available to put out the flames more than three hours later.

The dead included at least four Chinese citizens, the official Chinese news agency Xinhua reported, citing Chinese diplomats in Nigeria. Officials at the Chinese embassy in Nigeria could not be reached for comment.

Nigeria, home to more than 160 million people, suffers from endemic government corruption and mismanagement. The nation also has a history of major aviation disasters, although there had not been a crash in recent years. In August 2010, the US announced it had given Nigeria the Federal Aviation Administration's Category 1 status, its top safety rating that allows the West African nation's domestic carriers to fly directly to the US.

However, on Saturday night, a Nigerian Boeing 727 cargo airliner crashed in Accra, the capital of Ghana, slamming into a bus and killing 10 people. The plane belonged to Lagos-based Allied Air Cargo.

The Lagos crash appears to be the worst since September 1992, when a military transport plane crashed into a swamp shortly after take-off from Lagos. All 163 army soldiers, relatives and crew members on board were killed.

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