Nasa celebrated hundreds of stunning photographs from the Mercury messenger probe as it began a year-long mission to orbit and map the solar system’s mysterious innermost planet.

After more than six-and-a-half- years and a 4.9- 7.9-billion-kilometer journey, the spacecraft – which stands for MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging – finally entered the planet’s orbit on March 17.

On Tuesday, it began unlocking the secrets of a planet where temperatures reach a mind-boggling 427  C during the day but plummet to minus 100 C at night.

The upper part of the first image showed an unusual, dark-rayed crater called Debussy, while the lower part revealed a portion of Mercury near its south pole that has never before been witnessed by spacecraft, according to Nasa.

The spacecraft snapped 363 images over the next six hours and released more yesterday in conjunction with an expert press conference to discuss the findings.

“The entire Messenger team is thrilled that spacecraft and instrument checkout has been proceeding according to plan,” said mission spokesman Sean Solomon of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington.

“The first images from orbit and the first measurements from Messenger’s other payload instruments are only the opening trickle of the flood of new information that we can expect over the coming year. The orbital exploration of the solar system’s innermost planet has begun.”

Nasa scientists aim to combine data from two earlier fly-bys and from Mariner 10, a spacecraft that made three passes of Mercury in 1974 and 1975, to map out the crater-filled surface of the planet.

Messenger will begin continuous mapping on April 4, orbiting the planet every 12 hours at a minimum altitude of 200 kilometres.

Mercury is the closest planet to the sun, and because of the high risks of its proximity – the sun’s enormous gravitational pull and massively high levels of radiation – it is one of the most mysterious bodies in the solar system, even though it is relatively close to earth.

Earlier visits have shown scientists that enormous volcanic eruptions produced many of its expansive plains, littered with meteor craters, and that its magnetic field appears to be actively generated in a molten iron core.

Messenger, a 485-kilogram robotic probe, was launched in August 2004, making one flyby of the Earth, two of Venus and three of Mercury, the smallest of the eight planets, before entering its new orbit.