Microsoft is filing an anti-competition complaint against Google with the European Commission.
European Union authorities are already investigating whether Google is abusing its dominant position in the online search market to thwart competition.
Microsoft's General Counsel Brad Smith cited concern over "a broadening pattern of conduct aimed at stopping anyone else from creating a competitive alternative".
The Commission opened a formal investigation into Google's behaviour last November, following complaints from several smaller web companies that the search giant was burying them in its results and engaging in other anti-competitive practices.
Google has long pointed to the software maker's involvement in the probe, since one of the original complainants, online shopping site Ciao, is owned by Microsoft's search engine Bing.
Another company involved in the case, UK-based price comparison site Foundem, is a member of a Microsoft-sponsored technology organisation.
Al Verney, a Brussels-based spokesman for Google, said the company was not surprised by Microsoft's move since one of their subsidiaries was one of the original complainants.
"For our part, we continue to discuss the case with the European Commission and we're happy to explain to anyone how our business works," Verney said.
Microsoft lists several specific examples of alleged anti-competitive practices by Google involving some of the search engine's pet projects.
Smith claims that Google "put in place a growing number of technical measures to restrict competing search engines from properly accessing" its YouTube video-streaming site.
"Without proper access to YouTube, Bing and other search engines cannot stand with Google on an equal footing in returning search results with links to YouTube videos and that, of course, drives more users away from competitors and to Google," he wrote in a blog post.
Smith also said that Google blocked Microsoft's Windows Phones "from operating properly with YouTube," but offers better services to its own Android phones and iPhones, whose producer Apple Inc. does not own a search engine.
With Bing, Microsoft is one of Google's biggest direct rivals. It also has a partnership deal with the other big search engine, Yahoo! Inc.
Yet neither Bing nor Yahoo have found a way of closing in on Google, which processes two out of three online searches in the US.
In Europe, the California-based company controls more than 90 % of the search market.
The two companies also compete in other areas, such as cloud computing - where they offer remote server space and software processing to clients.
Central to the complaint is how Google's practices affect advertising - the main source of revenue for web companies offering free services.
"Google has engaged in a broadening pattern of walling off access to content and data that competitors need to provide search results to consumers and to attract advertisers," Smith said.
Microsoft claims Google is keeping some advertisers from accessing their own data and transferring it to rival advertising platforms, such as its own adCenter. That allegation echoes complaints by other companies and is part of the Commission's probe.
With its complaint, Microsoft finds itself in a new situation in Europe, after it battled anti-trust investigations and billion euro fines from the Commission for years.
"Having spent more than a decade wearing the shoe on the other foot with the European Commission, the filing of a formal anti-trust complaint is not something we take lightly," Smith said.
If Google is found guilty of anti-competitive behaviour it could be fined up to 10 % of annual revenue, which reached some 29 billion dollars last year.