"Who paid money to be a prisoner?" reads the graffiti on the wall of an illegal migrant detention camp in Ukraine where hundreds of Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Somalians and Vietnamese are being held.

In this former army barracks close to the western town of Mukachevo, Europe's immigration debate comes to life in the men who paid between €3,800 and €9,544 to smugglers to take them out of their often turbulent countries.

But their dreams of starting a new life in the rich 27-member European Union, by sneaking across Ukraine's border with four EU states, have been dashed. Now, bored and frustrated, many are just waiting for the chance to try again.

The EU's eastward expansion has been accompanied by a crackdown on illegal immigration, partly to soothe voters' fears of a surge in migrants when nine mostly ex-Communist states joined Europe's passport-free Schengen zone last December.

This month, EU lawmakers ruled that illegal immigrants could be detained for up to 18 months and face a re-entry ban of up to five years, measures that human rights groups said would lead to a "Fortress Europe" mentality.

Though they acknowledge their crossings were illegal, the detainees in Pavshyno said it was unfair to be held so long.

"I am not a criminal. I have some problems in my country, that is why I have to come here. So they give me six months," said Masum Billal, a 27-year-old Bangladeshi, standing in the camp's grounds.

Like many from the Indian subcontinent, Mr Billal flew to Moscow with a valid Russian visa, was driven to Ukraine and tried to cross the more than and Slovakia.

The men are held for up to six months as authorities wade through the red tape caused by missing papers, legal statutes, EU rules and correspondence with embassies.

Most of the immigrants have no papers, making embassies reluctant to pay for their deportation. After six months, they must be released under Ukrainian law, and most head straight for the border, said Volodymyr Sheremet, a border service spokesman.

"When the embassy comes and pays to send them home, then we release them. But more often than not, the embassy doesn't want to pay for these illegals, so that's the problem," he said.

The EU estimates there are up to eight million illegal migrants in the bloc. More than 200,000 were arrested in the first half of last year with less than 90,000 expelled. There are no statistics on how many get across Ukraine's border.

"I would say there are many more that make it across than are being detained, because people continue to go through this route because they are successful," said Jeffrey Labovitz, head of the Kiev office of the International Organisation for Migration (IOM).

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