Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered by man. They are made through a process known as a genetic engineering.

This practice involves the direct modification of part of an organism's DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) strands. These strands are found in the nucleus of an organism's cells. They are made up of thousands of heredity units called genes. A gene contains information about a particular characteristic or function of the organism, such as the colour of the eyes, the athletic ability, and even diseases and conditions.

To make a GMO, usually a gene from one organism is introduced in, and attached to, the DNA of another organism. The gene to be transferred (trans-gene) is first cut out and isolated from the original organism. It is then inserted into a cell of the target organism where it is attached to its DNA.

When the cell is an embryo, it will grow into an organism carrying the foreign genes in some of its cells. Following breeding, a GMO can be obtained. This would carry the same trans-gene in every one of its cells.

Through genetic engineering, genes may be transferred between species which do not usually interbreed. Thus, for instance, insects' genes can end up in a plant, and genes from a bacterium can end up in an animal.

Any premises where such genetic modification takes place are to be registered with Mepa, who should also be constantly notified on any changes in the nature of the work taking place.

Should you require more information, please contact nature.requests@mepa.org.mt.

The United Nations declared 2010 to be the International Year of Biodiversity. Malta together with many other countries around the globe is carrying out a number of initiatives to celebrate life on earth and the value of biodiversity for our lives. We are all invited to take action in 2010 to safeguard the variety of life on earth: biodiversity.