At the foot of Africa's snow-capped Mount Kilimanjaro, images of the mountain adorn the sides of rusting zinc shacks and beer bottle labels, but the fate of the real version hangs in the balance.

Experts in Tanzania say local land practices must increasingly take their share of the blame for the rapid shrinkage of the ice on Kilimanjaro's peak.

According to one recent US scientific study, the cap on Africa's highest mountain may disappear by 2033.

"The forest itself is the key element in this. It completely affects the amount of rain running off the mountain," said Jo Anderson, director of Ecological Initiatives, an environmental consultancy based in northern Tanzania.

"Less vegetation; less rain. We're seeing local human impacts directly." With less rainfall on the lower slopes, there is also less snow on the summit.

Dr Anderson said forests that have disappeared in the past 30 to 40 years on Kilimanjaro's lower slopes - cut down by villagers for charcoal and open farmland - were just as much to blame as rising temperatures worldwide.

Batilda Burian, Tanzania's Environment Minister, said that the east African country was losing 91,500 hectares a year, of its 33 million hectare total.

"It is a huge problem and most of it is happening because people don't have energy supplies so they are cutting down the trees to make charcoal," she said.

Dr Burian said Tanzania, which has sent a delegation of 25 people to the Copenhagen summit, has been widely affected by climate change, from rising sea water levels, destruction of coral reefs and increased incidences of malaria in places previously too cold for mosquitoes.

"Because of a four-year drought 345,000 of our one million livestock here in Tanzania have been killed, most of them in one area, challenging the livelihoods of the people," she said.

Zakaria Kessy, a 45-year-old mountain guide standing at Kilimanjaro's base camp as a group of German tourists arrived to down to a congratulatory bottle of champagne, said he had seen big changes during his 18 years on the job.

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