A planet named after ancient Egypt's Lord of the Dead is a place where human beings would be simultaneously boiled, poisoned and ripped apart by superstorms, according to astronomers.

The distant world, orbiting a bright star in the constellation of Pegasus 150 light years from earth, is known officially as HD 209458b, but has been nicknamed Osiris, the god of the Egyptian underworld.

The label is especially fitting, given insights into the planet's climate system reported in the science journal Nature.

Osiris races around its yellow, sun-like star at a distance of around seven million kilometres - less than a twentieth of the distance between earth and the sun - which means its "year" is just three and a half days.

On one side its surface is heated to a scorching 1,100 degrees Celsius, although the other side is far cooler.

The planet's atmosphere is laced with poisonous carbon monoxide and prey to storm winds that blow from 5,000 to 10,000 kilometres per hour, says the paper.

"HD 209458b is definitely not a place for the faint-hearted," quipped Ignas Snellen of Leiden Observatory, The Netherlands, who led a team of astronomers in the probe of the planet.

Dr Snellen's team observed Osiris for five hours last August, using the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope in the desert of Chile.

The mission was to get a snapshot of the planet's atmosphere, using the VLT's infrared spectrograph, as the far-off world swung between its host star and Earth.

For three precious hours, the planet's transit in front of its sun caused telltale changes in starlight received by the earth-bound telescope. These tiny alterations were then transcribed as signatures of atmospheric physics and chemistry.

A total of 462 exoplanets - worlds in solar systems other than our own - have been logged since the first was detected in 1995. None, though, is even remotely similar to our own planet, which is rocky and has water existing in liquid form.

HD 209458b is one of the most-studied exoplanets. It has previously been measured at 60 per cent the mass of Jupiter, the gas giant that is the biggest planet of our own star system.

But it is far hotter, given its searing proximity to its own sun.

The very precise measurements of carbon monoxide shows that the gas flows at extraordinary speed from the hot side to the cool side of the planet.

"On earth, big temperature differences inevitably lead to fierce winds and, as our new measurements reveal, the situation is no different on HD 209458b," said team member Simon Albrecht.

Sign up to our free newsletters

Get the best updates straight to your inbox:
Please select at least one mailing list.

You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link in the footer of our emails. We use Mailchimp as our marketing platform. By subscribing, you acknowledge that your information will be transferred to Mailchimp for processing.