The US space agency is getting ready to launch later this month the biggest, most expensive robotic vehicle ever built to explore Mars for signs of previous life there, according to Nasa.
The Curiosity rover, known formally as the Mars Science Laboratory, is a $2.5 billion state-of-the-art vehicle equipped with video cameras and a sophisticated mobile tool kit for analysing rocks and soil on the red planet.
The launch of the 899-kilo rover is set for November 25 at 10.21 a.m. from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
“This is a Mars scientist’s dream machine,” said Ashwin Vasavada, MSL deputy project scientist at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
“This is the most capable scientific explorer we have ever sent out... We are super excited.”
The rover will explore the Gale Crater on Mars, just south of that planet’s equator, where a range of soils exist and a small mountain gives the rover a chance to climb and analyse samples at different heights.
But first it faces a long, 570-million-kilometre journey to get there, taking about eight and a half months before landing in August 2012.
The landing itself is set to be a spectacular affair. A ravioli-shaped capsule will open to expose the rover suspended by a “rocket backpack” that will fire its engines to lower the MSL to the ground.
The rover’s six wheels and suspension system should “pop into place just before touchdown,” Nasa said. Then, the machine goes into “surface mode,” using a series of cameras and a long robotic arm to investigate the Martian terrain.
“It is not your father’s rover,” said Doug McCuistion, director of the Mars Programme at Nasa headquarters in Washington, describing it as “truly a wonder in engineering... the best of US imagination, the best of US innovation”.
Nasa sees the latest rover as a midway point in a long journey of Mars exploration that began with the landing of the Viking spacecraft in 1976 and may culminate with a human mission there in the 2030s.
The venture is not meant to hunt for life on Mars, but rather for signs that it once may have existed there.
Any clues it can send back about the habitability of earth’s neighbour, the fourth planet from the Sun, and about the radiation levels there will be important to Nasa as it devises future exploration missions.
“This mission has the purpose of setting us up for an eventual life detection mission,” said Vasavada. “The goal of this mission is to look for habitable environments on Mars”.
The landing site was announced in July, a day after the space shuttle Atlantis returned to earth from its final mission to the International Space Station, marking the formal end of the 30-year US shuttle era.
The project is meant to last two years, but Nasa hopes that like some of its other rovers in the past, Curiosity will outlive its expected potential.
The rover has such advanced instruments that scientists expect it will return much more data than any other to date.
“Viking did the best it could, but it could only see a couple of samples. MSL is going to look at tons of samples,” said Pamela Conrad, deputy principal investigator of sample analysis at Mars.