More than 200 people were feared dead after a heavily overloaded boat packed mostly with Afghan and Iranian asylum-seekers sank off Indonesia en route to Australia, rescuers said yesterday.

Australia’s government called the sinking “a terrible tragedy”, but came under pressure from campaign groups which said its tough approach to refugees was partly responsible for such disasters.

The fibreglass boat had a capacity of 100 but was carrying about 250 people when it sank on Saturday, 40 nautical miles off eastern Java, in heavy rain and high waves, Indonesian officials said.

Thirty-three survivors were plucked from the shark-infested waters, officials said, after the vessel sank along a well-worn – and occasionally lethal – route from Java to Australia’s remote Christmas Island.

Officials said there was little hope of finding any other passengers alive, which would make the sinking Indonesia’s deadliest migrant boat accident.

“We sent out five boats and three helicopters but no survivor or body was sighted. It’s unlikely they were washed up on islands as the closest shore is 40 miles away,” district search and rescue official Kelik Purwanto said.

Mr Purwanto said the accident was the “worst disaster involving migrant boats” to date. “If we find no survivor, then this is by far the largest loss of life,” he added.

National Search and Rescue Agency spokesman Gagah Prakoso earlier said “it’s very likely they have all drowned.”

“It’s impossible even for a good swimmer with a life vest to swim to shore safely in such extreme conditions. When boats sink like this, the bodies usually surface on the third day,” he said.

Bad weather, strong winds and waves of up to five metres hampered rescue efforts on Sunday, with 300 rescuers including navy and police officers deployed to comb the sea for bodies.

One survivor, 17-year-old Afghan student Armaghan Haidar, said he was sleeping when a storm came up and began to rock the boat.

“I felt water touching my feet and woke up. As the boat was going down, people were panicking and shouting and trying to rush out,” he said while ashore.

Survivors were floating in the sea for six hours before fishermen rescued them, survivors and officials said.

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