The main anti-Semitic attacks in Europe over the past 30 years:

• March 19, 2012: a gunman bursts into a Jewish school in the French southwestern city of Toulouse, shooting dead three children and a teacher.

• November 15, 2003: an Al-Qaeda-linked suicide bomber detonates an explosives-laden car during the day of prayer at the Neve Shalom synagogue in the ancient heart of Istanbul. A second car bomb goes off in the nearby Beth Israel synagogue. The two blasts kill a total of 25 people, among them six Jews, and cause massive destruction.

• April 1, 2002: the Or Aviv synagogue in the southern French city of Marseille is destroyed in what is believed to be an arson attack, amid a wave of petrol bomb attacks on synagogues.

• July 27, 1994: 20 people are slightly wounded after two car bombings in London outside the Israeli embassy and a building which houses mostly Israeli and Jewish groups.

• December 27, 1985: simultaneous attacks on Israeli airline El Al at Vienna and Rome airports leave 20 dead and more than 100 injured.

• August 9, 1982: five armed men open fire and throw grenades in a Jewish-run restaurant in central Paris, killing six people and injuring 22.

• April 3, 1982: Israeli diplomat Yacov Barsimantov is killed in his apartment block in central Paris.

• October 3, 1980: a bomb hidden in a motorbike bag explodes outside a synagogue in central Paris as prayers are being held, killing four and injuring nine.

• May 20, 1978: three men open fire in the El Al boarding lounge at Paris’s Orly airport, killing four and injuring five. The attack is claimed by a previously unknown Lebanese group.