Egypt’s new constitution would strengthen the army’s hand and could ban Islamist parties outright, according to a final draft published in state media.
One human rights lawyer said it reinforced the army’s status of state within a state.
A referendum on the constitution expected in December would be a milestone in the army’s plan for political transition after it deposed Islamist President Mohamed Morsi in July. The process would culminate in parliamentary and presidential elections next year.
One protester was killed yesterday in clashes between Morsi supporters and security forces at Cairo University, a reminder of tensions simmering at the surface of Egyptian political life. The government passed a law on Sunday that restricts demonstrations.
The new constitution would replace the one signed into law by Morsi last year after it was passed in a referendum. That constitution was suspended when Morsi, Egypt’s first freely elected president, was deposed after protests against his rule.
“The head of the committee will announce the completion of the articles of the constitution at the end of the committee’s mission later today,” Mohamed Salmawy, spokesman for the 50-member assembly, said in a televised news conference.
The assembly chaired by former Arab League chief Amr Moussa has only two Islamists, one of them a member of the hardline Nour Party and the other a former member of the Muslim Brotherhood who backed the army’s move against Morsi.
The Brotherhood, the focus of a fierce crackdown since Morsi’s downfall, has declared the entire political roadmap null and void, saying it is the result of a mili-tary coup.
While the last constitution largely preserved the military’s privileges, the new draft appears to go further. A text published by the state-run al-Ahram newspaper yesterday says the choice of defence minister must be approved by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces for a period of eight years from the time the constitution is passed into law.
“This means that the army will be a state inside the state,” human rights lawyer Gamal Eid said.
It also allows for civilians to be tried in military courts – a holdover from previous constitutions and a major source of friction with pro-democracy activists who earlier this week held protests against the provisions.
The 50-member assembly was appointed by the interim President Adly Mansour. By contrast, the previous constitution was drawn up by a body whose composition was decided by the outcome of parliamentary elections won by Islamists.
The draft does away with Islamist-inspired language written into the last constitution.