In the new Deloitte Global Economic Outlook Q3 2017 issue, Deloitte’s team of global economists have examined the issues and economic trends in the United States, China, Eurozone, India, Japan, United Kingdom, Russia, and Turkey, along with a special article on the rising sentiment against globalisation.
At a time when the global economy appears to be accelerating, the two leading economies of the English-speaking world are not participating. The UK economy is evidently slowing, while the US economy simply continues to grow at a modest pace, albeit in the context of full employment.
Likewise, the Chinese economy is also stabilising at a moderate rate of growth. Meanwhile, the Eurozone and Japan show signs of acceleration, as do many of the major emerging economies such as Turkey and Russia, both of which are discussed in this report.
One exception is India, which shows signs of slowing. Yet the overall trend is positive. Indeed, the central banks of most of the major developed economies are either starting to normalise monetary policy or are thinking about it. Perhaps the most significant threat to the health of the global economy is the spectre of protectionism.
In this edition of Deloitte’s Global Economic Outlook, all of these countries and issues are examined.
Patricia Buckley’s discussion of the US economy notes the demographic constraints on growth, not only influencing the supply side of the economy but also hurting the growth of domestic demand.
Weakness in exports, emanating from a strong US dollar, has also suppressed growth. However, Buckley expects that the dollar will not rise any further and may decline, possibly leading to an improvement in exports.
China’s economic growth has stabilised, while foreign currency reserves have started to rebound as capital controls have helped to stabilise the currency. However, the rising volume of debt has created a greater perception of risk, leading to the downgrading of the country’s sovereign debt.
Alexander Börsch notes that the eurozone region has hit a sweet spot, with accelerating economic growth, rising employment, and diminishing political risk following favourable election results in France and elsewhere. However, he also notes that other risks remain, including upcoming elections in Italy and Austria, as well as the potential fallout from the Brexit process. India is the subject of the article by Rumki Majumdar. She notes that there were signs of slowing economic activity even before the controversial demonetisation.
Although she says that there may be some short-term negative effects from the implementation of the goods and services tax, over the long term, it could generate faster economic growth.
One exception is India, which shows signs of slowing
In the next article, Ira Kalish looks at the economic situation in Japan. The economy is accelerating, as evidenced by a variety of economic indicators. Moreover, the International Monetary Fund now says that the economic policy mix in recent years has been a success. Plus, despite the shelving of the Trans-Pacific partnership, the government is actively seeking opportunities to expand trade, having just reached an agreement with the European Union to ease trade barriers. On the other hand, onerous demographics continue to suppress growth and create budgetary challenges.
Ian Stewart offers his take on the British economy. He discusses how the sharp drop in the British pound following the Brexit referendum has boosted inflation and suppressed consumer spending growth.
Moreover, uncertainty following the recent election means that the Brexit process will likely render a hard exit.
On the other hand, Stewart says there are some mitigating factors that should help the British economy.
A cheaper pound and an accelerating global economy are likely to boost exports, inflationary pressures could ultimately ease once the currency impact tapers off, and fiscal and monetary stimulus could helpfully increase.
Next, Lester Gunnion examines the Russian economy. He discusses the rebound in growth. In addition, he looks at the Russian government’s policy of import substitution, meant to boost domestic production in the non-energy sector.
While it might have short-term benefits, it is fraught with risk. Lester notes that “import substitution leads to the transfer of resources from efficient sectors of the economy that function competitively without protectionism to inefficient protected sectors of the economy.” Lester also discusses Russia’s difficulty in obtaining funding from the West given the sanctions regime, and its decision to pivot to China.
In the next article, Akrur Barua discusses the turnaround in Turkey’s economy. He says that this is driven by more political certainty, fiscal stimulus, stronger demand for Turkish exports, a return of tourists, and strong household spending. On the other hand, he notes that investment remains weak, thereby boding poorly for future gains in productivity.
He also discusses the risks Turkey faces due to inflation and a large current account deficit.
In the last article, Rumki Majumdar examines the slowdown in the growth of trade and the rising sentiment against trade liberalisation.
She reviews the recent evolution of trade policy in major economies and the behaviour of trade between major countries. And, although she notes the costs of globalisation, she says that a move away from globalisation carries greater costs and few benefits. She discusses how policy ought to involve further trade liberalisation along with a greater effort to address the concerns of those sidelined by globalisation.
The Deloitte Global Economic Outlook Q3 2017 may be downloaded from www.deloitte.com/mt/geo.