The Syrian government has stepped up indiscriminate, heavy bombardments of cities while rebels are executing prisoners condemned in their own makeshift courts without due process, UN investigators said yesterday.
Twenty massacres, hundreds of unlawful killings, cases of torture and arbitrary arrests
The independent investigators said they were looking into 20 massacres committed by one or the other side and hundreds of “unlawful killings”, cases of torture and arbitrary arrests since September in the two-year-old conflict.
“Indiscriminate and widespread shelling, the regular bombardment of cities, mass killing and the deliberate firing on civilian targets have come to characterise the daily lives of civilians in Syria,” Paulo Pinheiro, chairman of the commission of inquiry on Syria, told the UN Human Rights Council.
The uprising in Syria erupted in March 2011 with largely peaceful protests but escalated into a civil war pitting mainly Sunni Muslim rebels against President Bashar al-Assad, whose minority Alawite faith is an offshoot of Shi’ite Islam.
“In a disturbing and dangerous trend, mass killings allegedly perpetrated by Popular Committees have at times taken on sectarian overtones,” the 10-page UN report said. “Some appear to have been trained and armed by the government.”
Pro-Assad Popular Committee militiamen have been documented as operating across Syria, “where at times they are alleged to be participating in house-to-house searches, identity checks, mass arrests, looting and acting as informants”, it said.
Karen Koning AbuZayd, an American commissioner, said the committees were formed initially to defend their neighbourhoods. “In a way, this is a move by the Government to supplement its own manpower as it begins to lose some of the (regular military) manpower that it used to have,” she told a news conference.
Syrian Ambassador Faysal Khabbaz Hamoui dismissed the report as based on “partial information from untrustworthy sources” and accused Qatar and Turkey of “supporting terrorism” in Syria.
“We are not saying that it is a sectarian war but we call attention to sectarian elements in the present conflict,” Pinheiro said. Foreign fighters from more than a dozen countries are estimated to comprise less than 10 per cent of the opposition forces fighting the Assad government, he said.
“We don’t want to contribute to a paranoia that Syria is being invaded by foreign fighters. But they have a lot of skills and have been very successful in spreading acts of terror inside Syria,” said Pinheiro. More than one million Syrian refugees have fled abroad and 2.5 million are uprooted within the country, while more than 70,000 people have been killed in the war, the United Nations says.
The war is mired in a “destructive stalemate, amid heavy shelling and air raids by government forces, the report said.
Both sides have committed violations against civilians, the U.N. investigators said. They are investigating about 20 cases of massacre, including three in Homs at the start of the year, despite their lack of access to the country.
They said rebel forces often execute captured Syrian soldiers and militiamen and have established detention centres in Homs and Aleppo. Rebels had also taken up positions in or near densely-populated areas, in violation of international law.
“There is an intensification of violations because the war is worsening.
You have to look at the totality of the panorama – the murders, the arbitrary arrests and all of it,” said Vitit Muntarbhorn, a commission member from Thailand.
“Some groups are exercising or trying to exercise civilian authority without due process of law.
So we have allegations for example of sentences being imposed on various people, arrested and captured soldiers and so on, without due process andthen being executed, as well as some families,” Muntarbhorn said, notingthat these were war crimes under the Geneva Convention.
The European Union and United States denounced continuing crimes and said that those responsible must be held accountable.
The UN investigators said that they would give a secret third list of suspects in a sealed envelope to High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay with a view to future prosecutions.