Three years after being devastated by an earthquake L’Aquila has launched a bid to become a high-tech European city – to the scepticism of thousands of people still living in temporary housing.
Large parts of L’Aquila’s centre remain boarded up even as local architects work with the council on a Smart City project to rebuild it after the devastating quake, using cutting-edge techniques.
“The idea is to turn the tragedy into an opportunity to rebuild in an intelligent, innovative way while preserving the city’s heritage,” Alfredo Moroni, the town councillor overseeing the project said.
It is an ambitious aim in a town still traumatised as it marked the third anniversary on Good Friday of a tragedy that claimed 308 lives.
Shoes and broken ornaments still lie in the dust in abandoned homes and few people venture through the empty streets or into the sunlit main square, where an elderly priest stands solitary guard over a collapsed mediaeval church.
“L’Aquila is just like Pompeii, a ghost town visited by people who come just to see the ruins,” said pensioner Giuliano Guetti, referring to the part-buried Roman town near Naples which was destroyed by a volcanic eruption in AD 79.
“We feel isolated, totally cut off from the world. There’s nothing here, nowhere to socialise... before any ‘smart’ plan we need basic services like a local shop or bar to make us feel like normal citizens,” said Mr Guetti, 78.
In a protest against the lack of reconstruction, members of a local cultural association are collecting thousands of colourful crochet samples sent in by supporters which they will then knit into banners to go up around the city.
The “Urban Knitting” initiative is “an attempt to bring back colour to our historic centre, a reaction against the grey and the emptiness which we can no longer tolerate,” the Animammersa association said in a statement.
A highly critical report by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development last month condemned “a culture of inaction” and called for a radical overhaul of social services and the local economy.
The Smart City project includes plans for a pedestrianised city-centre with bike sharing schemes, buildings fitted with solar panels and a facility to allow local inhabitants to consult their doctor via video link.
But with 170 hectares of the centre standing empty, dotted with makeshift shrines to the victims of the earthquake, there is widespread disbelief among locals that a plan to modernise L’Aquila will ever be enacted.
“The government implemented emergency measures after the quake and got everyone into housing – in new builds, hotels or barracks – but after that we were abandoned and there’s been a serious social breakdown,” Mr Moroni said.
Critics accused the then premier Silvio Berlusconi of incompetence and his civil protection agency of trying to exploit the earthquake for financial gain.
Nearly a quarter of L’Aquila’s pre-earthquake population of 75,000 is still living in wooden houses, hotels, army barracks and new builds in remote areas with no public services. Thousands more have moved away altogether.
Only four families have moved back into the city centre, officials said.
Billionaire Berlusconi’s downfall last November and his replacement by reform-minded Mario Monti has given momentum to the “Smart City” idea, which has its roots in a project drawn up by a group of young local architects.
As stray dogs wander through the maze of alleyways and abandoned buildings with gaping holes in their sides, architect Marco Morante explains their plan.
“Just after the earthquake we formed a group called Collettivo 99 and argued that the city could be restored and transformed using renewable energy sources, anti-earthquake systems, the internet,” said Mr Morante, the group’s head.
“We wanted to create the West’s first technologically ‘smart’ mediaeval city, but no-one listened. We now need to move fast or we risk no-one wanting to return in years to come to a city they no longer feel is their own,” he said.
“With Monti’s government, we finally have the chance to be heard,” he added.
In Bazzano, a suburb of L’Aquila hit hard by the quake, residents living in temporary housing a stone’s throw from their rubble-strewn houses welcome the plan but warn of growing social unease and a lack of trust in the authorities.
Repair man Riccardo Turco said that while they were grateful to have a roof over their heads, “it leaks when it rains. But no-one cares, no-one comes”.
His neighbour, 68-year-old Rachele Raperelli, who moved into the blue wooden houses after a year living in a tent camp, dismissed the plan as “empty words”.
Ms Raperelli, who underwent surgery after a wardrobe fell on her during the earthquake, broke down in tears as she said how much she wanted her house back.
“My husband goes morning, noon and night to just stare at our home in ruins, he can’t move on. I have my roots there, I was married there,” she said.