Updated 9.10pm

Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi has declared a three-month state of emergency after two deadly bombings hit Coptic churches today, killing at least 44 people.

"A series of steps will be taken, most importantly, the announcement of a state of emergency for three months after legal and constitution steps are taken," Sisi said in a speech aired on state television.

Bomb attacks on two Coptic churches on Palm Sunday that included the seat of the Coptic Pope stunned the nation.

Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attacks, which also injured more than 100 people and occurred a week before Coptic Easter, with Pope Francis scheduled to visit Egypt later this month.

The first bombing, in Tanta, a Nile Delta city less than 100 kilometres outside Cairo, killed at least 27 and injured at least 78, Egypt's Ministry of Health said.

The second, carried out just a few hours later by a suicide bomber in Alexandria, hit the historic seat of the Coptic Pope, killing 16, including three police officers, and injuring 41, the ministry added.

READ: Pope condemns blasts, calls for an end to terror

Coptic Pope Tawadros, who had attended mass at Saint Mark's Cathedral, was still in the building at the time of the explosion but was not harmed, the Ministry of Interior said.

"These acts will not harm the unity and cohesion of the people," Tawadros said later, according to state media.

President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi condemned the attacks and summoned the National Defence Council to an urgent session.

A relative of one of the bombing victims despairs. Photo: Reuters/Mohamed Abd El GhanyA relative of one of the bombing victims despairs. Photo: Reuters/Mohamed Abd El Ghany


Deflecting Western criticism that he has suppressed political opposition and human rights activists since he won election in 2014, Sisi has sought to present himself as an indispensable bulwark against terrorism in the Middle East, and he identifies militant Islam as an existential threat.

"The attack...will only harden the determination (of the Egyptian people) to move forward on their trajectory to realise security, stability and comprehensive development," Sisi said in a statement.

Thousands gathered outside the Tanta church shortly after the blast, some weeping and wearing black.

They described a scene of carnage. "There was blood all over the floor and body parts scattered," said a Christian woman who was inside the church at the time of the attack.

"There was a huge explosion in the hall. Fire and smoke filled the room and the injuries were extremely severe," another Christian woman, Vivian Fareeg, said.

"WE FEEL TARGETED"

Islamic State's branch in Egypt appears to be stepping up attacks and threats against Christians, who comprise about 10 percent of Egypt's 90 million people and amount to the biggest Christian minority in the Middle East.

In February, scores of Christian families and students fled Egypt's North Sinai province after a spate of targeted killings.

Those attacks followed one of the deadliest on Egypt's Christian minority, when a suicide bomber hit its largest Coptic cathedral, killing at least 25 people. Islamic State later claimed responsibility for that attack.

A bloody church pew following one of the attacks. Photo: Reuters/Mohamed Abd El GhanyA bloody church pew following one of the attacks. Photo: Reuters/Mohamed Abd El Ghany

Islamic State has waged a low-level war against soldiers and police in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula for years. It now seems to be changing tactics, targeting Christian civilians and broadening its reach into Egypt's mainland. That is a potential turning point in a country trying to prevent a provincial insurgency from spiralling into wider sectarian bloodshed.

Though Copts have in the past faced attacks by Muslim neighbours, who have burnt their homes and churches in poor rural areas, the Christian community has felt increasingly insecure since Islamic State spread through Iraq and Syria in 2014 and ruthlessly going after religious minorities.

"Of course we feel targeted, there was a bomb here about a week ago but it was dismantled. There's no security," said another Christian woman in Tanta. She was referring to an attack earlier this month near a police training centre that killed one policeman and injured 15..

Wahby Lamie, who had one nephew killed and another nephew injured in the Tanta blast, expressed exasperation at the growing number of attacks.

"How much longer are we going to be this divided? Anyone who's different from them now is an infidel, whether they're Muslim or Christian. They see them as infidels," he said.

"How much longer are these people going to exist? And how much longer will security be this incompetent?"

Ahmadiyya condemns attacks

In a statement, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Malta unreservedly condemned the two attacks.

"These are inhuman, heinous and cruel attacks," the community said as it reiterated its rejection of violence and force "for any reason whatsoever." 

"We, the members of Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat express our deepest condolences to the victims’ families in this difficult time and pray for the health of those who were injured in these attacks," the statement said. 

Sign up to our free newsletters

Get the best updates straight to your inbox:
Please select at least one mailing list.

You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link in the footer of our emails. We use Mailchimp as our marketing platform. By subscribing, you acknowledge that your information will be transferred to Mailchimp for processing.