Only two years ago, an outage similar to the one that struck Amazon’s cloud services last month would have reinforced US financial firms’ view that shifting data and systems onto the public cloud was just too risky.
The fact that the February 28 shutdown had no visible impact on the industry’s use of cloud services goes to show how far it has progressed since then in embracing the cloud after nearly a decade of hesitation.
That change of heart came after providers Amazon Inc, Microsoft Corp and Alphabet Inc’s Google took steps to assure financial firms and regulators that the cloud not only made tech systems cheaper and faster, but also more reliable and secure than their own server-filled warehouses.
The benefits are so unquestionable that last month’s outage caused by an employee who typed in a wrong code was barely a bump on the road to the cloud and merely a reminder that no technology is foolproof, financial executives, Silicon Valley vendors and analysts who work with them said.
“You can’t just say if you use Amazon you get the magic cloud sauce and everything will work perfectly,” said Yevgeniy Brikman, the co-founder of Gruntwork, a startup that helps big companies deploy cloud services. “And similarly that if you use your own data centre that somehow magically everything will work perfectly. These are just tools.”
The payoffs of using the cloud are clear for an industry engaged in rounds of relentless cost-cutting.
Calculations performed for Reuters by research firm IDC Financial Insights show the biggest global banks saving $15 billion by 2019 from cloud adoption, cutting technology infrastructure costs by 25 per cent. About two-thirds of global financial firms will be using cloud services in a significant way by next year, IDC predicts.
Developing an application on the cloud can help reduce the time it takes to launch from 89 days to 15 days, according to consultancy McKinsey & Company.
JPMorgan Chase & Co, Goldman Sachs Group Inc, Capital One Financial Corp and Liberty Mutual Insurance Co are already using shared cloud services from large technology vendors, executives and spokespeople said. So are institutions such as Nasdaq Inc, The Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the brokerage industry watchdog. State Street Corp is considering the same.
Customers, regulators and lawyers acknowledge that cloud failures may, in theory, wreak havoc
Amazon is the biggest provider with 40 per cent of public cloud business, according to Synergy Research. That market totalled $7 billion in the fourth quarter, and is growing at an annual rate of 50 per cent. FINRA now runs 90 per cent of its critical applications, including market surveillance, on Amazon’s cloud, saving $20 million annually. The recent outage did not affect its satisfaction.
“The capability and flexibility to recover quickly is much greater, and it is far more cost-efficient than operating your own geographically dispersed data centres,” said spokesman Ray Pellecchia.
Cost savings alone would not have been enough to lure big financial firms.
For years, the industry sat on the sidelines due to concerns about data security and regulatory compliance as other corporations took advantage of the cloud’s benefits. Silicon Valley took notice and made changes.
For instance, Amazon has expanded its number and locations of data centres around the world to allow customers to choose a particular centre to comply with different countries’ privacy rules. Customers can also get dedicated servers to avoid sharing them, or can access information through private networks.
In late November Amazon introduced the ‘Snowmobile’, a tamper-resistant 13.72-metre container pulled by a semi-trailer truck that securely transports customers’ servers to its own data centres. Amazon customers can also set up systems to automatically shift to another data centre within its 16 global regions if an outage occurs. That minimised the impact of the recent outage, four financial customers said.
George Brady, who heads shared technology operations at Capital One, told Reuters the bank believed big tech companies had “controls for public cloud that are as good or better than capabilities we would provide”. He was speaking before the outage, but later said the bank had factored in occasional glitches and remained committed to the cloud. Capital One builds all new applications on the cloud and plans to reduce its data centres from eight to three by next year.
John Madsen, co-head of technology at Goldman Sachs, said his bank has worked with vendors to ensure cloud networks were secure and reliable, and was satisfied with the results. “We’ve had a lot of success with those efforts,” he said.
Customers, regulators and lawyers acknowledge that cloud failures may, in theory, wreak havoc. That is why large financial institutions have mostly kept highly sensitive data off the cloud and have back-up plans, like using multiple vendors. An apocalyptic scenario where many data centres fail at the same time is highly unlikely, they say.
At a conference this month, Scott Mullins, the Amazon executive responsible for generating new cloud business from financial firms, said security has given way to other issues as financial customers’ top concern when making the decision to move.
“About four years ago when we began in earnest talking to financial institutions... security was the number one topic,” he said. “Today we don’t spend as much time talking about security.”