Eurozone economic growth halved in the second quarter to a modest pace, as a mild slowdown in Germany was overshadowed by a surprise stagnation in Italy, offering scant hope of a decisive rebound for the currency bloc as a whole any time soon.

The 0.3 per cent quarterly expansion, or 1.6 per cent annual pace, matched expectations in a Reuters poll of economists and showed the eurozone already slowing ahead of Britain’s shock June 23 vote to leave the EU.

While there have been no clear signs in survey data of an economic hit outside of Britain since the vote, the official data showed that a burst of activity at the start of the year was fleeting and more stimulus may still be required.

“The question remains if even this lower growth rate can be sustained in Q3,” wrote ING senior economist Bert Colijn.

“With Brexit uncertainty weighing on exports and industrial weakness, it seems that the consumer has to carry a lot of the weight of the eurozone expansion on its shoulders.”

There is also little sign of any broad improvement around the corner, a Reuters poll showed on Thursday.

The question remains if even this lower rate can be sustained in Q3

The challenge for policymakers, both at the European Central Bank and in member economies which are reluctant to or restrained from opening the fiscal taps for stimulus, is that growth rates across the eurozone are now varying widely.

In the biggest economy, Germany, gross domestic product grew 0.4 per cent, double the 0.2 per cent expected in a Reuters poll and marking a 3.1 per cent pace compared with the same period last year – the strongest annual figure in five years.

While slower than the start of 2016, growth was boosted by exports as well as consumer spending, putting Germany’s performance and prospects ahead of many of its peers.

So while the eurozone figures as a whole broadly support continued stimulus from the European Central Bank, which has cut its deposit rate to -0.4 per cent and is buying €80 billion of mainly government securities a month among other measures, they do not appear to be so necessary for Germany.

KfW bank economist Joerg Zeuner said Britain’s vote to leave the EU would eventually hurt, however.

“The decision to leave the EU will hit the British economy, and the slowdown will spread to Germany through muted exports,” he said. “The UK is an important market, especially for German car makers, but also for our chemical and pharmaceutical industries.”

In Italy, the eurozone’s third-largest economy, there was no growth at all in the second quarter, as industry and domestic demand flagged.

The unexpectedly poor performance comes soon after Italy emerged last year from its worst recession since World War II and will pile pressure on Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, who has staked his credibility on turning the country around.

Preliminary data for France, the second-biggest eurozone economy, reported late in July showed no growth either.