Russia's athletics team remains banned from global competition after the sport's governing body voted unanimously against lifting the suspension for systemic doping.
Despite desperate Russian attempts to have the ban lifted before the Rio Olympics in August, the International Association of Athletics Federation's (IAAF) 27-strong council decided Russia had not met the criteria for reinstatement.
The All-Russia Athletics Federation was banned in November following an 11-month investigation by an independent commission chaired by former World Anti-Doping Agency president Dick Pound.
Russia will now take its case to an International Olympic Committee meeting in Lausanne on Tuesday, with the further possibility of challenges against an Olympic ban at the Court of Arbitration for Sport.