Last Friday the MSE Share Index touched a four-year high of 3,841.516 points (a fresh four-year high was reached again on Monday). This milestone encouraged me to dwell on the developments across the local equity market over the past few years.
A five-year graph of the performance of the equity benchmark immediately revealed the intense volatility that investors were subjected to over the past few years. At first glance it was difficult to immediately identify the reasons for these wide movements. In fact, it took some time analysing a number of events that occurred during the years that caused these fluctuations. The findings helped me reach some important conclusions which I thought I should share with readers of my weekly column.
The MSE Share Index was last at the 4,000-point level in September 2008 and the equity benchmark almost touched this level again on two occasions over the past five years – in January 2010 and again in January 2011. The rally at the start of both years was mainly as a result of a jump in the share prices of the two large retail banks ahead of the annual reporting season. However, in both instances, the surge was short-lived and the index subsequently declined during the following months. In 2010, the decline largely reflected the downturn in the share price of HSBC Bank Malta plc during the first six months of 2010 as profit and dividend expectations were not met.
Meanwhile, in 2011, the index was dragged lower by a wider sell-off as all the largest four equities by market capitalisation at the time performed negatively, namely HSBC Bank Malta plc, Bank of Valletta plc, International Hotel Investments plc and Go plc. Despite the first half volatility, 2010 was an overall positive year for the equity market with a rise of 9.3 per cent. This followed from a gain of 7.9 per cent in 2009 as share prices gradually recovered from the sharp declines during the second half of 2008.
On the other hand, the political uprising in Libya in February 2011 was the major reason for the strong downturn during 2011 with the share prices of many local companies posting double-digit losses and the MSE Share Index closing 18.2 per cent lower. Another notable event in late 2011 was the initial rumblings regarding the La Valette Property Fund which negatively impacted the share price of Bank of Valletta plc.
The index retreated all the way down to 2,900 points by April 2012, but partly recovered in subsequent months to end the year with a mild gain following an upturn in the share prices of Go plc, Bank of Valletta plc and HSBC Bank Malta plc and more significant gains from some of the smaller capitalised companies including Crimsonwing plc, Simonds Farsons Cisk plc and RS2 Software plc.
The Maltese equity market then staged an almost unrelentless recovery to 3,700 points by February 2014, before dropping rapidly within a few months on the back of a weakening outlook for the local banking sector and a sharp decline in the share price of International Hotel Investments plc due to the renewed conflict in Libya and the challenges in Russia – which historically had been two key markets for the group.
An analysis of the equity benchmark in isolation could be misleading for many investors due to the large weighting of the banks in the index. In fact, although 2014 may have been a negative year for the equity market with a decline of 9.6 per cent, it may have gone unnoticed that eight equities produced double-digit gains.
An analysis of the equity benchmark in isolation could be misleading for many investors due to the large weighting of the banks in the index
A comparison of the composition of the MSE Share Index between 2010 and 2015 reveals a number of important findings, namely: (i) the overall decline in the weighting of the two large retail banks which in early 2010 exceeded 50 per cent and is now at 40 per cent – this is solely due to the sharp decline in the value of HSBC Malta from a market capitalisation of circa €800 million to below €670 million, reflecting the changing business models and reduction in profits amid a more challenging business environment for banks; (ii) the increased influence of the IT sector in the MSE Share Index mainly arising from the extraordinary jump in the value of RS2 Software plc to almost €150 million from merely €20 million five years ago; (iii) the strong recovery in Go plc from under €100 million due to the significant losses recognised in Greece to over €300 million as the local operations improved; plans are under way to restructure the property portfolio and on indications of a bidding war emerging for Forthnet; (iv) the decline in the value of International Hotel Investments plc as the problems in Libya and Russia overshadowed the beneficial impact from the London property and the increased diversification of the group; and (v) the increased importance of some of the smaller capitalised companies, namely Simonds Farsons Cisk plc, Maltapost plc, Malita Investments plc, Plaza Centres plc, Tigné Mall plc and 6pm Holdings plc.
These findings underline some key considerations for equity investors. A diversified portfolio is a fundamental requirement for all retail and institutional investors within the context of their risk parameters. In fact, an adequate allocation to some of the smaller companies would have produced a mix of strong dividends as well as capital gains over the years.
Active management of a portfolio is also essential and investors must not simply maintain a passive approach with a ‘buy and hold’ mentality by ignoring changes in market and industry dynamics. The well-documented challenges that impacted the banking sector over recent years as a result of the regulatory burdens and the interest rate environment is a very clear case. On the other hand, the strong rise of the IT sector as companies landed some sizeable international contracts resulted in some extraordinary gains for investors. Moreover, the ‘search for yield’ which was very evident from summer 2014 as the European Central Bank gave initial indications of the Quantitative Easing programme was another important development which left a strong impact on many equities over recent months.
Many investors believe that although share prices correct due to changing market circumstances, they eventually will regain their previous highs. This is not always the case and many investors sometimes simply maintain an exposure to a certain company so as not to sell at a loss. The well-documented developments many years ago relating to the significant losses at Mapfre Middlesea plc (then Middlesea Insurance plc) proves that when losses are permanent, share prices do not return to their previous levels.
Maintaining an element of cash in a portfolio is another key consideration which is possibly very topical in the current environment. Investors should not oppose capitalising on some strong gains and maintaining a largish allocation to cash in a portfolio. Many value investors maintain high cash levels since this represents welcome ammunition if markets decline, enabling them to acquire securities at cheaper entry levels.
The strong upturn in the MSE Share Index in 2010 and 2011 followed by sharp declines shows the benefits one would have derived if certain equities would have been sold and redirected to other investments over the years.
Sometimes, the greatest challenge for retail investors is remaining patient during a general upturn across the market and this is when investors must differentiate between investing and speculating.
Rizzo, Farrugia & Co. (Stockbrokers) Ltd (RFC) is a member of the Malta Stock Exchange and licensed by the Malta Financial Services Authority. This report has been prepared in accordance with legal requirements. It has not been disclosed to the company/s herein mentioned before its publication. It is based on public information only and is published solely for informational purposes and is not to be construed as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any securities or related financial instruments. The author and other relevant persons may not trade in the securities to which this report relates (other than executing unsolicited client orders) until such time as the recipients of this report have had a reasonable opportunity to act thereon. RFC, its directors, the author of this report, other employees or RFC on behalf of its clients, have holdings in the securities herein mentioned and may at any time make purchases and/or sales in them as principal or agent, and may also have other business relationships with the company/s. Stock markets are volatile and subject to fluctuations which cannot be reasonably foreseen. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. Neither RFC, nor any of its directors or employees accept any liability for any loss or damage arising out of the use of all or any part thereof and no representation or warranty is provided in respect of the reliability of the information contained in this report.
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Edward Rizzo is a director at Rizzo, Farrugia & Co. (Stockbrokers) Ltd.