A British-led study has found almost 60,000 people die every year from rabies transmitted by dogs.
The report is the first to consider the impact of canine-spread rabies in terms of deaths and the economic costs of the disease around the world.
The UK was declared rabies-free in 1902, with almost all human deaths occurring in Asia and Africa, but in 2003 it was recognised that some British bats may carry a rabies-like virus.
The study, led by the University of Glasgow, estimates that annual economic losses because of the disease are around €7.9 billion, mostly due to premature deaths but also because of spending on human vaccines, lost income for victims of animal bites and other costs.
It found that 160 people die every single day after catching the entirely preventable disease from dogs, amounting to around 59,000 deaths a year.
Rabies is usually transferred through saliva from the bite of an infected animal, with dogs being the most common transmitter. It affects the central nervous system, causing disease in the brain and death and, although a pre-exposure vaccination is an effective treatment, people in the poorest countries do not have access to it.
India has the highest number of fatalities, with more than 20,000 human deaths annually. While rabies is nearly 100 per cent fatal, it is also almost 100 per cent preventable.
The best and most cost-effective way is by vaccinating dogs but experts said the proportion vaccinated is far below that necessary to control the disease across almost all countries of Africa and Asia.
They said the countries that have invested most in dog vaccination are the ones where human deaths from the disease have been virtually eliminated.
Improving access to human vaccines would also help. Although the rabies vaccine is not routinely advised for people travelling abroad, immunisation is recommended for those working in other countries and who by the nature of their work are at risk of contact with rabid animals.
The best and most cost-effective way is by vaccinating dogs but experts said the proportion vaccinated is far below that necessary to control the disease across almost all countries of Africa and Asia
The last recorded case of anyone having rabies in the UK was in May 2012 when a woman returned home after being bitten by a dog in India. She died despite efforts to save her at London’s Hospital for Tropical Diseases.
Rabies is present in bats in Malta. However, it is not found in dogs and is not a major risk to most travellers. The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends rabies vaccine for only these groups: travellers involved in outdoor and other activities in remote areas that put them at risk for bat bites (such as adventure travel and caving) and people who will be working with or around bats (such as wildlife professionals and researchers).
Meanwhile in Chicago at least 1,137 dogs have come down with a highly contagious strain of canine flu, and six have died, in the largest and longest-lasting dog flu outbreak ever seen in the region, county officials said.
There may be more cases than have been reported. Humans cannot get dog flu, but they can spread it, so thorough hand-washing after touching or petting a dog is recommended.