For the first time, a fish has been removed from US Endangered Species Act protection as federal officials declared that a tiny shimmering minnow found only in an Oregon valley was no longer in danger of extinction.

Millions of the five-centimetre fish, the Oregon chub, once swam in waters surrounding Western Oregon’s Willamette River. But their numbers declined sharply over the past century as wetlands were drained for development and due to predation by non-native fish like largemouth bass.

Fewer than 1,000 remained in just eight wetlands in 1993 when the chub gained protection under the Endangered Species Act. The fish was upgraded from ‘endangered’ to ‘threatened’ status in 2004, as populations began to rebound.

Today, more than 150,000 chubs are estimated in 80 sites along the river valley because of recovery efforts like restoring water flows, floodplain reconstruction and stocking in private ponds.

The fish’s resurgence shows that habitat improvement and species recovery efforts can succeed even in areas heavily impacted by agriculture and urban development, said Paul Henson, Oregon supervisor with the US Fish and Wildlife service.

The Oregon chub is not fished commercially.