Both colds and influenza are respiratory illnesses but have different symptoms. Influenza is more serious, as it often involves fever and body aches. It can also develop a number of complications.
The flu is preventable by means of the influenza vaccine but there is no such jab for the common cold, which is caused by a large variety of viruses. As regards treatment, there is no cure for the common cold but one can try to maximise the patient’s comfort and limit complications. A combination of fluids and rest is suggested. Influenza patients are also advised to get plenty of rest, drink many fluids and, if necessary, take paracetamol to relieve the fever and muscle aches. Antibiotics have no effect on the infection but may be prescribed in case of secondary infections, such as bacterial pneumonia.
| Symptoms | Common cold | Influenza |
| Sore throat | Common | Rare |
| Severity | Usually does not cause such severe health problems | Serious health complications, such as pneuomonia, bacterial infections |
| Vaccination possible | No | Yes |
| Fever | Rare | Usually present |
| Aches | Slight | Usual and often severe |
| Fatigue | Mild | Moderate to severe |
| Chills | Rare | Common |
| Causative organisms | Adenoviruses, coronaviruses | Influenza virus or rhinoviruses |
| Seasonality | Occurs throughout the year but most common in winter | Seasonal – happens in winter |
| Sudden symptoms | Appear gradually | Can appear within 3 to 6 hours |
| Coughing | Hacking, productive cough | Dry, unproductive cough |
| Sneezing | Common | Rare |
| Chest discomfort | Mild to moderate | Often severe |
| Headache | Rare | Common |
| Stuffy nose | Common | Rare |