Former president Richard von Weizsaecker, who challenged German attitudes about the Holocaust by arguing that the country had been liberated by the Nazi defeat in 1945, died yesterday at the age of 94, the current president’s office said.

A member of one of Germany’s most distinguished aristocratic families, von Weizsaecker also presided over the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990, 11 months after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

He was most remembered for a landmark speech in May 1985 marking the 40th anniversary of the end of World War Two in which he urged Germans to come to terms with responsibility for the Holocaust.

He stirred some controversy at home by saying Germany had been liberated by the Third Reich’s downfall.

Von Weizsaecker, a conservative Christian Democrat (CDU) who had served as a Wehrmacht officer during World War Two, became West Germany’s president in 1984 and left office a decade later.

More than any predecessor, he used the largely ceremonial post to serve as the “conscience of Germany” and spoke out often about the country’s special responsibility after World War Two.

A tall, lean man, von Weizsaecker had a patrician air that contrasted with the burly and more earthy Helmut Kohl, the then-CDU leader who was chancellor, or head of government, throughout his presidency.

After a career in law and business, he entered politics in 1969 and in 1981 became mayor of West Berlin. His statesmanlike speeches helped raise West Germany’s standing in the eyes of the wartime allied powers, easing concerns about unification later.