Deflation hit five peripheral eurozone countries in September as inflation slipped to its lowest for five years and exports faltered, data showed yesterday, offering little hope that the bloc will avoid its third recession in six years.

While consumer inflation at 0.3 per cent was unchanged from Eurostat’s September 30 estimate and met market expectations, Greece, Spain, Italy, Slovenia and Slovakia showed deflation in the month on persistently depressed household demand.

With such a minimal cushion against deflation, calls on the European Central Bank to consider US-style bond-buying, or quantitative easing, are likely to intensify.

Deflation makes it even harder for the heavily indebted currency area to pay off borrowings that are a drag on growth.

“There’s a real risk that the eurozone is entering another recession. The inflation number is dangerously close to zero,” Capital Economics senior European economist, Jennifer McKeown, said.

“We think the European Central Bank will probably announce a full-blown quantitative easing programme in the months ahead,” she said.

As unemployment sticks at near record levels and with business confidence weakening again, Europeans are reluctant or unable to spend to support a recovery that began in early 2013. It has failed to pick up and is looking increasingly fragile.

Yesterday’s data also showed the pace of price rises slowed from August’s 0.4 per cent reading, the EU’s statistics office Eurostat said. As well as the five member states registering deflation, Portugal and Cyprus showed no inflation.

The very low inflation number, the 12th consecutive month in the ECB’s danger zone of less than 1 per cent, partly reflects the fall in world oil prices. Brent crude oil prices have tumbled by more than a quarter since mid-June. Eurozone annual energy inflation was down 2.3 per cent in September.

Core inflation – closely watched by the ECB and strips out volatile energy and food prices – was a meagre 0.8 per cent, falling from 0.9 per cent in August, and back at levels seen in June and July.” The consensus view was that headline inflation would gradually start to pick up again from the fourth quarter,” ING economist, Martin van Vliet, said.

“But now that oil prices have tanked, headline inflation may stay close to zero for longer and not reach 1 per cent before the end of next year, if at all,” he said.

Exports in August meanwhile fell 3 per cent on an unadjusted, annual basis and slipped 0.9 per cent compared with July, adjusted for seasonal swings, Eurostat said in a separate release. Imports also fell.

Eurozone exports to the rest of the world have been one of its strong points since the 2009-2012 debt crisis damaged local demand and business confidence, but a slowing Chinese economy and the crisis with Russia over Ukraine are taking their toll.

Eurostat’s data showed eurozone goods exports to Russia fell 14 per cent year-on-year in the first seven months of 2014.

The August data did show a €9.2 billion trade surplus, which could help the eurozone’s output in the third quarter, but slumping exports makes worrying reading.

“The bottom line is that the rising trade surplus will propel the current account surplus and be supportive for the euro on the forex markets,” BNP Paribas economist, Dominique Barbet, said. “However, the decline in imports and exports are a sign of poor economic activity,” she said.