What are the main elements of a Mediterranean garden?

When we think of a Mediterranean garden our mind instantly conjures up a typical setting in which vivid colours, subtle foliage and herbal scents feature prominently. Other characteristic elements include well-designed hardscapes which replace lawns, shady pergolas and alfresco living, refreshing water features and artful decor.

What is the typical design of a Mediterranean garden?

As with all design, form and function go hand in hand. An outdoor space which works well is planned to make the most of our favourable weather conditions, and can be used to its full potential at different times of the day and for different activities.

In a Mediterranean garden it is all the more important to get the structure right since we don’t have the expansive lawns and profusion of flowers characteristic of cooler climates. Hard landscaping therefore plays a significant role and it’s important to create a pleasant balance between planting and permanent fixtures such as patios, decks and paths which represent the horizontal lines, and steps, retaining walls and pergolas which bring in the vertical element.

Water, with its cooling effect, can also become a focal point and just a small feature can create a relaxing atmosphere.

Once the layout is defined, planting brings the garden to life. The largest trees and specimens are positioned first and form part of the architecture of the garden, while evergreens, perennials and ground covers fill in and soften the rigid lines of the hardscape. Existing trees can be incorporated in the design and provide much needed shade.

Unless the garden is enclosed by high walls, it is important that it harmonises with its surroundings.

What flora is ideal for our climate?

Hardy waterwise plants which thrive on winter rain are of course ideal, but ornamental value need not be sacrificed. Mediterranean-type plants are mostly evergreen, have attractive foliage and bloom colour (Convolvulus, Echium, Osteospermum, Coronilla), texture (Rosmarinus, Spartium) and shape (the sculptural forms of Agave, Aloe, Chamaerops, Draceana draco) and provide interest all year round.

Can a Mediterranean garden also survive in summer?

Yes, with correct planning and provided the right species are chosen. Mediterranean plants are designed to withstand the harsh elements by going into summer dormancy, and then reviving with the first autumn rains. Many of these plants are attractive throughout the year, requiring only minimal amounts, if any, of water. It is vital to retain moisture in the soil by planting close together and avoiding bare patches of soil. Mulch, ground cover and weed control all contribute to a successful waterwise garden.

Water, with its cooling effect, can also become a focal point and just a small feature can create a relaxing atmosphere

From garden to table – can a Mediterranean garden also flavour our food?

Many Mediterranean natives can be used in the kitchen or to add a pretty touch of colour to food. A walk in the countryside provides much inspiration for the home edible garden – wild rocket and fennel, borage, chamomile, asparagus, thyme, rosemary, bay and myrtle, together with the many different varieties of herbs, are all staples of a kitchen garden.

Citrus and olive trees instantly remind us of the Mediterranean landscape and have a highly ornamental value as well as the added bonus of fruit and fragrance. Other characteristic trees are the fig, mulberry, pomegranate and the various stone fruit varieties.

What features would you recommend for a Maltese garden?

Stone, rubble walls, terracing, courtyards and shade.

What does a garden’s level of maintenance depend on?

When a garden is properly thought out, maintenance, as well as costs, can be greatly reduced. If you rule out thirsty lawns and exotics, a garden’s water consumption can be more than halved. Instead choose hardy evergreens which look good all year round and group plants according to their water needs. It is unnecessary to irrigate all areas all the time, rather than concentrating on the most demanding ones through the hottest months.

Container plants require almost daily water in summer so it’s a good idea to reduce the number of pots and increase the size. When well adapted, Mediterranean plants need no pesticides or feeding.

How can one create a flow between house and garden?

A garden should work as an extension of the house, and a visual link between the two is of great importance. Not only does the house lead out into the garden, but the garden can usually be seen from the windows of the house and should harmonise with the interior as much as possible. Mixing materials and styles is rarely successful and the location, surroundings and period of the house should be respected.

What added value does a well-kept garden give to a property?

It can make the difference between anonymous and appealing, between generic and outstanding. The first impression one has when entering a never-seen-before property is fundamental: a well presented and kept garden may substantially contribute to generate value in the visitor’s mind and could well be the deciding factor for a potential buyer.