Syria’s civil war foes held their first face-to-face meeting yesterday at the start of talks to end nearly three years of conflict which has killed 130,000 people and destabilised the wider Middle East.
After a day of delay and fierce recrimination, government and opposition delegates faced each other across a negotiating table at the United Nations headquarters in Geneva in the presence of international mediator Lakhdar Brahimi.
The two parties entered and left the room through separate doors, sitting in silence for half an hour while Brahimi set out his plans – an immediate focus on humanitarian aid which diplomats have described as a confidence-building measure, followed by political talks to resolve the conflict.
“He told us this is a political conference... based on Geneva 1,” Opposition delegate Anas al-Abdah said, referring to a June 2012 declaration calling for the establishment in Syria of a transitional governing body by mutual agreement.
President Bashar al-Assad’s government delegation said it broadly accepted Geneva 1, but reiterated its longstanding opposition to idea of a transitional body, saying it was inappropriate and unnecessary.
“We have complete reservations regarding it,” Information Minister Omran Zoabi said, comparing the proposal to the transitional government set up in Iraq by US occupation forces after they toppled Saddam Hussein in 2003.
“Syria is a state with institutions,” he added. “A transitional governing body... happens where the state is in disintegration, or has no institutions.”
The Opposition has insisted that the government delegation accept the principle of setting up the transitional body, saying it must bring an end to Assad’s rule. The President says only Syrian voters can choose their ruler and that he may well stand again in an election due to be held by June this year.
Syria is a state with institutions
Delegates reconvened at around 4pm, a UN spokeswoman said, and were expected to discuss a possible deal on a short ceasefire to allow humanitarian aid into besieged rebel-held areas in Homs.
“We will focus over the next two days on humanitarian conditions and letting in food to the besieged areas,” Opposition delegation spokesman Louay Safi told reporters.
“We will also discuss the release of the prisoners of conscience. There are huge numbers of them. We will start first with women and children”.
The peace conference almost collapsed on Friday, the day face-to-face talks were meant to start. “We do expect some bumps on the road,” Brahimi said after separate meetings with the parties.
One diplomatic source said progress had been slow.
“Small steps, but small steps are better than no steps,” the source said. “It’s clear there will be hysterical episodes each day.”
Humanitarian access for Homs, where insurgents in central districts are surrounded by Assad’s forces, could be agreed quickly. Abdah said the opposition had already asked fighters on the ground to respect a ceasefire and to protect convoys of aid once the agreement is reached.
“We had a suggestion prepared for this before the conference began and already spoke about it to the Red Cross and countries that are close to the regime like Russia, as well as United States and the United Nations,” he said.
The proposal, which includes granting civilians safe passage, could lead to a ceasefire in Homs city for a week or two, which if successful could be extended to the whole of the central province - a major battleground.
But profound mutual mistrust and the absence from Geneva of powerful Islamist Opposition groups as well as Assad’s ally Iran make any substantial progress very difficult, and previous ceasefires in Syria have proved shortlived.