Plans for talks to end the fighting in Syria were in jeopardy yesterday after the opposition refused to attend unless President Bashar al-Assad is forced from power and a furious Saudi Arabia made clear it would no longer cooperate with the United States over the civil war.
Western nations and their Middle Eastern allies pressed Syria’s fractured opposition to join the proposed peace talks, although Assad has indicated he will not bow to opposition demands that he should step down as a pre-condition.
The United States and Russia said in May they would convene a “Geneva 2” conference to try to end a conflict that has killed well over 100,000 people and forced millions from their homes, but it faces huge obstacles and no firm date has been set.
British Foreign Secretary William Hague, hosting a meeting of 11 nations in London, said it was vital that the Western-backed Syrian opposition join the talks.
“We urge the National Coalition to commit itself fully and to lead and form the heart of any opposition delegation to Geneva,” he told a news conference. However, opposition factions are loathe to discuss anything except the immediate departure of Assad – who said on Monday he saw no reason why he should not run for re-election next year.
“The Sultan must leave,” said Syrian opposition chief Ahmed Jarba in the text of a speech to the meeting, referring to Assad. “Geneva cannot succeed and we cannot take part if it allows Assad to gain more time to spill the blood of our people while the world looks on.”
Many of the mostly Islamist rebels fighting in Syria refuse to recognise the exiled opposition favoured by the West. Efforts to present a united front suffered a further setback when it emerged that Saudi Arabia’s intelligence chief had said the kingdom would make a “major shift” in relations with the United States in protest at its perceived inaction over Syria and its overtures to Iran.
Prince Bandar bin Sultan has told European diplomats that Washington had failed to act on Syria among other Middle Eastern issues, according to a source close to Saudi policy. “The shift away from the US is a major one,” the source said.
There would be no further coordination with the United States over the war in Syria, where the Saudis have armed and financed rebel groups fighting Assad, the source said.
Saudi anger boiled over after Washington refrained from military strikes in response to a poison gas attack in Damascus in August when Assad agreed to give up his chemical arsenal.
Saudi Arabia is also concerned about signs of a tentative reconciliation between Washington and Tehran, the Saudis’ old enemy, which may be invited to Geneva.
Several officials, including Arab League chief Nabil Elaraby, have said they expect the Geneva 2 conference to convene on November 23, though the United States, Russia and the United Nations have all said no date has been officially set.