Nasa’s long-lived Voyager 1 spacecraft, which is heading out of the solar system, has reached a “magnetic highway” leading to interstellar space, scientists said.

Voyager 1 will be the first manmade object to leave the solar system

The probe, launched 35 years ago to study the outer planets, is now about 18 billion kilometres from Earth. At that distance it takes radio signals travelling at the speed of light 17 hours to reach Earth.

Voyager 1 will be the first manmade object to leave the solar system.

Scientists believe Voyager 1 is in an area where the magnetic field lines from the sun are connecting with magnetic field lines from interstellar space. The phenomenon is causing highly-energetic particles from distant supernova explosions and other cosmic events to zoom inside the solar system, while less-energetic solar particles exit.

“It’s like a highway, letting particles in and out,” lead Voyager scientist Ed Stone told reporters at an American Geophysical Union conference in San Francisco.

Scientists do not know how long it will take for the probe to cross the so-called “magnetic highway”, but they believe it is the last layer of a complex boundary between the region of space under the sun’s influence and interstellar space. Their best guess is that it’s likely just a few months to a couple of years away.

Voyager 1 hit the outer sphere of the solar system, a region called the heliosphere, in 2004 and passed into the heliosheath, where the supersonic stream of particles from the sun – the so-called “solar wind” – slowed down and became turbulent. That phase of the journey lasted for 5.5 years. Then the solar wind stopped moving and the magnetic field strengthened.

Based on an instrument that measures charged particles, Voyager entered the magnetic highway on July 28, 2012. The region was in flux for about a month and stabilised on August 25.

Each time Voyager re-entered the highway, the magnetic field strengthened, but its direction remained unchanged. Scientists believe the direction of the magnetic field lines will shift when the probe finally enters interstellar space.

Other clues that Voyager has reached interstellar space could be the detection of low-energy cosmic rays and a dramatic tapering of the number of solar particles, Stone said.

Voyager 1 and a sister spacecraft, Voyager 2, were launched 16 days apart in 1977 for the first fly-bys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Voyager 2, travelling on a different path out of the solar system, has experienced similar, though more gradual, changes in its environment than Voyager 1.

Scientists do not believe Voyager 2, which is about 14.5 billion kilometres from earth, has reached the magnetic highway.