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Placing 1981 in proper context

The past rarely can and never should be forgotten. It remains there to learn from, especially not to repeat mistakes. Remembering, though, should be done in context. Otherwise recalls carried forward will be warped. The Labour leader gave an example of that when he compared the present situation in Parliament, where the government could not muster enough elected MPs to defeat an opposition no-confidence motion, to the perverse result of the 1981 general election, and its aftermath.

The comparison does not hold. On several counts. This government was elected with a relative majority, if a very slim one exceeded by the combined votes of the Labour Party and Alternattiva Demokratika. In 1981 the Nationalist Party received an absolute majority of votes, but a minority of parliamentary seats.

Fact was, though, that could happen. It happened notwithstanding that earlier Prime Minister Dom Mintoff had reduced the margin by which electoral districts could vary from each other by 15 per cent to five per cent. After the perverse 1981 result, Mr Mintoff formed a government, as he was constitutionally obliged to do. But he also set in motion a committee from both sides of the House to seek a more correct way forward.

It failed to reach agreement. In due course, though, it was the Labour Cabinet, even if after much internal conflict, as I have touched upon in my book of political memories, which came up with amendments to the Constitution to introduce a corrective mechanism to ensure that if a party received an absolute majority of votes, but a minority of seats, it was allocated extra seats to enable it to govern, with a majority of one.

Nationalist claims that the 1987 result was due to gerrymandering, playing about with electoral boundaries, were blown apart in 1996 when it was the Labour Party which, after nine years of Nationalist government, received a majority of votes but a minority of seats. Such a result remains possible to this day because the parties have not agreed on further amendments to ensure proportionality. We have a sensible system to cover local elections, where the whole of the localities contested form one constituency, but not for general elections.

Context, however, goes back a decade before 1981. The Nationalist government then in office played about with the electoral districts for the general election of 1971. That still did not prevent the MLP from getting an absolute majority of votes and a majority of seats. Nevertheless the mouthpiece of the Nationalist Party, in-Nazzjon, immediately declared editorially that the PN had a majority of seats in the majority of electoral districts and was entitled to govern, and that was what it intended to do. It was only the solidity of the Labour government that prevented the implication from becoming reality.

Labour increased its electoral majority in 1976. Still, between 1976 and 1981 the Nationalists offered the most negative form of opposition ever seen in Malta. In due course, a bombing campaign began, targeting government buildings and individuals who helped the MLP to govern.

That context is sad to recall. But recall it one must. As one should also recall that, between 1981 and 1987, when Labour again did not muster a majority, a number of Labour thugs and police officials disgraced all that Labour stood for with their unchecked behaviour. I still believe that small band included individual mercenaries planted by Nationalist elements. But it was up to the government leadership to keep that minority in check. They did not.

That fuller context of the 1970s and 1980s should not be forgotten as we now look forward and move on. Looking forward means experiencing the clash and contrast of opposing ideas without recourse to physical or moral violence and personal attacks, with focus on true democracy, not just the bits of it that suit us.

In the current circumstances it also means getting out of the prevailing uncertainty, through either a clear restoration of the Nationalist government’s elected majority in the House of Representatives, or an early general election to end the debilitating uncertainty, and return to stability.

Looking forward also means playing out the democratic game seriously, and not in a manner that puts the Don Camillo goings on to shame.

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Tommy Vella

Feb 7th, 17:07

I cannot see how this can work. Let's say that we have three parties running for election B, Q and W. B gets 60% as a party, Q gets 36% and W gets 4%. But when it comes to the individuals in the party B gets 55% Q remnains on 36% and W 9%, will you link parliamentary representation to the party system or to the individual system? In either case what will be the worth of the system not linked to the parliamentary representation?

Even if this system works I do not see it as solving the impasse we reached with Mintoff and Debono, because on whatever strength the candidate has been elected (party or individual) he can always threaten to, or actually, vote against the party.

I know that you put in the proviso that the party in government should get a more comfortable cushion of two or three extra deputies but then that would be fiddling with the actual democratic representation. I personally do not like that.

David Buttigieg

Feb 7th, 11:12

"What happened in the past is yes, a part of history but must you all relive it again and again. "

Of course, until labour show us it has changed, gets rid of the perpetrators of that terrible past still within it's ranks and apologises cap in hand for the disaster it created during those terrible years instead of trying to rewrite history.

Until that happens, every time I see Muscat, I see KMB and Mintoff, the worst two Prime Ministers this country ever had by far!

Wenzu Vella

Feb 7th, 13:24

Mr Butiggieg I am not going to tell you or anyone who you should like or dislike. To me it is childish to get what you are asking for. Is it possible the PN is so pure that none of them has ever done anything to be ashamed of, have they always been so good and just with everyone. Come now be honest with yourself, I am sure that if you turn on your memory bank you will soon find more guilt the PN have on their conscience to fill a few big garbage bags.
You have mentioned Mr Mintoff as the worst Prime Minister without even giving it a thought of how many benefits you and members of your family and mine are enjoying to-day because of Mr Mintoff and his team.

David Buttigieg

Feb 7th, 17:01

@Wenzu Vella

Mintoff was NOT the worst, KMB was, but he came a close second.

Of course the PN are not pure and made many, MANY mistakes, but that pales in comparison to the disaster we had before.

Nobody lives in fear of being beaten up by government sanctioned thugs today for writing the way you do against said government.

Mintoff? Benefits to me? Name them, actually name just one. One of MY most vivid memories is being denied an education and locked out of my school, a PRIVATE school and not a church one, and forced to study underground.

And Muscat has the gall to boast about what labour did for education - hah!

Another vivid memory is my mother being attacked by a bunch of government condoned labour goons, for daring to protest about a lack of water our pipes, with police at best grinning otherwise joining in the fun!

Of course, she was not allowed to work either because she was forced to retire as soon as she got married.

Until labour get rid of all connections with that period, beg forgiveness and get a decent leader , my hands are tied every election.

Mr Henry A. Grima

Feb 6th, 22:03

Prosit Saviour! Your comments are a ray of hope that there are genuine people around.
A direct contrast to what Lino wrote; a pack of suppositions. A lot of hearsay and idle talk, never expeced. from Lino, a respected, till now, public figure.

Tommy Vella

Feb 7th, 11:10

A definition is a definition, so there is nothing that can be done about defining an absolute majority. I know it and you said that you know it.

In the way that our elections are run, ie. proportional representation, the votes given to other parties not elected to Parliament are usually part of the votes lost due to the calcukation of the quota. The quota is one-sixth(or 16.6%, as you said) plus one of all the valid votes. In the actual election of representatives only five of those six-sixths are used which means that one-sixthof the votes are squandered. This happens also where no third party candidates are nominated.

However the amendment that the party with the most first count votes gets elected does away with this squandering because at that stage all the votes are used.

What is your suggestion in this regard? Is it that the 4000 votes given to AD (or those given to any other party or independent candidates) are to be added to one of the other parties at this stage?

Andy Farrugia

Feb 6th, 18:01

On second thoughts, it's good to have such contributions on this paper; sort of wakes us out of our slumber, if you get the drift.

mark borg

Feb 6th, 23:19

Each and every episode you mentioned was callously provoked by you nationalists......The story takes us back years before the early to mid eighties...the story takes us to the 1960's till 1971 when your VICIOUS PN was governing on a joint venture with the church...AH WHAT DEMOCRACY AND HARMONY WAS MALTA BACK THEN IN THE INTERDET TIMES ! WHY NOT MENTION ALL THE BOMBS THAT TOOK OFF TO DERAIL THE LABOUR GOVT OF THE 70's and 80'S and stop making propaganda with Mr Ray Caruana as TILL TODAY NO WAS WAS EVER BROUGHT TO JUSTICE OR KNOWS FOR SURE WHO WAS THE CULPRIT/S,EXCEPT ANYWAY THAN A FERVENT NATIONALIST (which ACCORDING TO THE COURT UNDER THE THEN PN GOVT WAS A FRAME UP)
LET US ALL HOPE WHEN THE PN RETURNS TO OPPOSITION YOU WOULD NOT REVERT TO THE PAST DIRTY WAYS OF YOUR 16 WHOLE YEARS IN OPPOSITION !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Tommy Vella

Feb 6th, 15:39

What the PN are doing to-day is what the MLP did in the first months of 1998.

m. borg (slm)

Feb 6th, 16:31

"To give it credit for the last minute change of heart, following a politically motivated murder, and Mintoff's stand against the prevailing attitude within the MLP parliamentary group, is a travesty of the truth."
.
Brilliantly put, had to be a murder of an innocent according to you Mr Saliba for the MLP to come to its senses. You forgot two thinhs.
1. P.N. walked out and boycotted the parliament for months on end therefore talks on constitutional changes could not be held.
2. MLP had to co-opt the whole number of P.N. MPs who had walked out which simply means that these MPs had forfietted their seats and were actually back in parliament without getting one single vote. And if I wanted to play around with logic I would say that the PN had forfietted its majority and was in a minority of ZERO votes.

Evarist Saliba

Feb 7th, 10:43

I never forgot those truths.
I did not mention them because they are not relevant to the fact that the perviously elected government stayed in office, implementing any number of unpopular measures, and allowing lawless groups, with the connivance, active or silent, by police to intimidate any opposition.

Tommy Vella

Feb 6th, 14:34

There should be a more adapt definition of a relative majority, when before it was a clear: 50%+1 majoirty.

Do you know what you are talking about? 50% + 1 is an absolute majority. A relative majority is the percentage of votes obtained by the party with the highest number of votes when no one gets the absolute majority, as happened in the last election.

Carmel camilleri

Feb 6th, 17:07

Do you know who the electoral commissioners were at that time?

George Azzopardi

Feb 6th, 16:37

My my Tommy .. comparing 1996 with 1981, 15 years difference is not what you say to be comparing like with like. Moreover, I like I always consistently say, the first 5 years of EFA government were the best years under this regime, similar to the first 5 years of Mintoff's from 1971~1976.

Tommy Vella

Feb 6th, 17:41

@ George Azzopardi.

I don't think you understood. Mr Spiteri said in his article that 1996 proved that there was no gerrymandering in 1987. So I asked if that proves also that there was no gerrymandering in the election before that.

Mr Joe Micallef

Feb 6th, 13:52

As usual you are a further insult to truth, however no measure of literary acrobatics is going to change history so stop digging - well do whatever you like.

As for a reply to your stupid devious questions I refer you to many PL MP's of that time who still litter the PL side today - they had hot lines with the regime police so they ought to have a reply, granted that the police were more interested in persecuting political opponents rather than doing their work!

Lapira unless you were born post 1987 it is evident that you were on the sunny side of things and supported that disgusting administration.

Peter Zahra

Feb 6th, 15:51


I remember very well the dark days between 1981 and 1987.... police riots, tear gas, frame ups, politcal intimidation and beatings on employees working in govenmental departments and at Malta Drydocks, lock outs, closure of church schools, burning of several PN poltical clubs, Tal barrani accidents, Raymond Caruana murder, burning of the Times, the Law Courts, the Archbishop's Curia (just infront of the Police depot), the rampage on Eddie Fenech Adami's house, etc etc etc....

There is no comparison what soever with the boycott and the atrocities comitted in those days. The PN had rightly instructed its followers to boycott products being advertised on Xandir Malta which was a propoganda labour machine. I can clearly recall the "run rabbit run song" being played, and the time when the Xandir Malta refused to name the leader of the opposition. Rest assured Mr Zammit Lapira, that if the situation was the other way round, the Xandir Malta would have been burnt down by the so called "akristokarzija tal Haddiema".

Regarding the so called armaments, can you exactly specify the so called armanents which were found ?? This was all "a messa in xena" after the police raided the PN headquarters after suspecting that the PN was using walkie talkies, which during the labour era these were illegall !!! If this was another frame up, I do not take it by surprise, because these were a common practice. In any case if you have any doubts just check the matters or you can maybe hear Peter Busuttil recount how things were done in those terrible days...

John Zammit

Feb 6th, 11:31

You need two for tango.I am against all forms of vandalism But vandalism is still being performed is to-day.Looking at some blogs is enough

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