Voices to listen to
Today’s readings: Deut. 18, 15-20; 1 Cor. 7, 32-35; Mark 1, 21-28.
Entering Capernaum, Jesus risked provoking official hostility but this did not deter him from pressing his criticism and from publicly breaking the law. There was something radically new with his kingdom project that made it incompatible with institutionalised religion.
His symbolic action of exorcism and healing in today’s gospel raises important issues of interpretation.
If Jesus were simply a miracle worker, his ministry would have been politically innocuous. Healers and magicians abounded in his social and religious context. So the official hostility Jesus encounters must have an explanation.
His teaching is outstanding, causing the astonishment of people and creating contrast with the teachings people were normally subjected to. It is also worth asking why as soon as Jesus stepped in the domain of the Scribes, “just then there was a man possessed by an unclean spirit” who confronts the hostile intruder. It clearly transpires that Jesus’s presence was threatening.
Jesus, if and when taken seriously, is always threatening to our institutionalised alienations both collectively as Church, and personally, in our interiority. In line with the reading from Deuteronomy, this confirms that God is above our often stagnating practices and will raise up prophets for himself to whom we should listen and who will lead us towards true liberation.
The times we live in demand that we all give heed to whoever deserves listening to. We are all to some extent fed up of being led by institutions, both political and religious, that lack the prophetic stamina that really addresses people’s needs and respects their dignity.
There were similar times in the history of God’s people, recorded as faith-generating experiences in the Scriptures. It always stands with us whether to let turning-points in our stories, collectively and individually, to be faith-generating.
This is what the healing of an unclean spirit in the gospel stands for. We need to be washed from all that is unclean in our lives, whether that be in politics, in church life, in civic life, or in our own personal lifestyles. And this can come about only if we let ourselves be confronted by a teaching that has authority over us.
This may sound disturbing today, because we have become used to shun all that is imparted on us with authority. But authority here has nothing to do with imposition.
Jesus was not imposing anything on anyone. People were amazed with him because he was teaching with authority in the sense that for them, in contrast with the way the Scribes taught them, he was credible, worthy of trust, and worthy to be listened to.
Are there voices in today’s culture and in our political and religious scenarios that are worthy of our trust? When there are no such voices, that would simply be tragic.
Psychologist Howard Gardner, in Leading Minds, writes about Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi, Jean Monnet, Pope John XXIII and so many others who throughout the troubled 20th century were able to leave an imprint on the stories, feelings, thoughts, and lives of so many people and on society in general.
Will tomorow’s generations have similar leading minds to refer to and look up to in future? This may sound too harsh on our times. But we sorely need prophetic voices to look up to.
What will it take to solve the biggest and most pressing issues of our days? We still linger on with such basic issues as poverty, environmental degradation, terrorism, corruption, racism, human trafficking and endless cycles of violence, both verbal and physical. Not to mention our big difficulties in finding common grounds on what is really needed in education and family concerns, as well as in more vital issues concerning the dignity of life.
There are unclean spirits in this day and age from which we need to be exorcised. We need teachings that are authoritative because they are credible and because they strengthen the moral fibre of our society as it is.
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Victor Rodenas
Jan 30th, 09:06
Reading the Bible one has to keep in mind the `pesher` technique,that is who the writer is and to whom he is writing.The time and the community are important for us to understand the interpretation of the commentary, in other words one has to read between the lines the writings which were written in an allegorical way.John is a master of such writings,he wrote about things as if they still have to happen,...but were happening then or had already happened.He did not want to give the source of his writings for obvious ominious reasons.Most preachers of that time did not preach in the open ,they went undergroung,except for Jesus himself,John the Baptist and the Appostles,they risked their life and we know how they finished.Where Jesus was born or how Judas died(two different options are given and only one has to be true) that is why one has to surpass such things and read the Bible in a Theological way, that is why a pesher is needed.
Mr Emanuel Farrugia
Jan 29th, 12:13
Jesus in Capernaum
Jesus starts out teaching at a synagogue — odd, since synagogues may have been primarily a diaspora institution and didn’t become widespread until after the Roman destruction of the Jewish Temple by Titus in 70 CE. There certainly would have been meeting places in every town, but not necessarily synagogues. Mark's use of synagogues suggests that we are dealing with fictional stories: Mark is putting the figure of Jesus in places and situations that his audience would have been familiar with in order to communicate theological, social, and political messages that he wanted them to hear.
In the gospels, “Jesus the Exorcist” is engaging in an eschatological activity that heralds the coming of the Kingdom of God. His ability to cast out spirits is described as being dependent upon the power of God and this, in turn, is dependent upon the faith of those around him. The message would have been clear to the audiences of the gospel authors: with sufficient faith, people will be able to partake in the power of God to drive evil out of the world, vindicate the true believers, and help establish the Kingdom of God over all the Earth.
One interesting fact to note about this first encounter is that the spirit knows who Jesus is, saying “I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God.” According to the First Epistle of John, “Every spirit that confesseth that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is of God.” Does that mean that this “unclean spirit” is really “of God”? Seems a little strange.
Why does Jesus then rebuke the spirit for saying this, stating “Hold thy peace”? This appears to be the earliest instance of what has been labeled by scholars the “Messianic Secret,” the secret identity of Jesus as Son of God and savior of mankind.
It’s also interesting to note how the demon addresses Jesus. First he identifies Jesus as being “of Nazareth.” Unlike the other two synoptic gospels, Mark has nothing to say about Jesus’ birth or early life. This is one of the only indications that he even has a past. This identification would continue in the other gospels, despite their authors’ insistence on placing his birth in Bethlehem.
The spirit also addresses Jesus as “the Holy One of God.” If Jesus is the Messiah in the traditional Jewish sense, why not address him as the “Son of David”? The spirit’s words could apply to almost any prophet. Jesus would, in fact, later disavow any connection to the line of David and this is merely staying consistent with that.
Emanuel Farrugia former student Faculty of Theology UOM