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Women want quotas

Just six of the 69 MPs are women. Photo: Chris Sant Fournier

Just six of the 69 MPs are women. Photo: Chris Sant Fournier

Malta’s leading gender equality organisations and experts are calling on Parliament to introduce gender quotas to bring more women into politics and business.

The calls were made independently and came in response to questions The Times asked concerning gender quotas, hinted at by Nationalist Party in its latest policy document.

The document, titled Our Roots, spells out the PN’s political vision. Among other things, it suggests “positive measures” in the public and economic spheres to bring about greater gender equality.

The PN has not been one to embrace the concept of quotas and in 2004, Lawrence Gonzi, party leader and Prime Minister, had said: “I do not believe in quotas and I consider them to be a certificate of failure. I fear that if we opt to introduce quotas we would be choosing the easy way out... We have to emphasise women’s abilities first, before reserving posts for them.”

Although the PN declined to directly mention the word “quotas” in its document, when asked to clarify its call for positive measures, it reiterated its willingness to “take new steps, including through positive action, for more equality between women and men”.

Positive action refers to measures which go beyond equal treatment of genders, recognising the structural factors leading to existing inequalities. Gender quotas are a form of such positive action, and have grown increasingly popular over the past couple of decades. Today, some form of electoral gender quota is used in more than half the world.

“Political parties should commit themselves to further develop the use of quotas,” the Malta Confederation of Women’s Organisations said, remarking that statistics showed how “Maltese women excel by their low participation”.

The confederation called on political parties to “study local scenarios, identify priorities and introduce quotas”, adding that in January 2010, EU Justice Commissioner Viviane Reding had warned publicly listed companies to voluntarily increase women’s presence on corporate boards by 2012 or “count on my regulatory creativity”.

The president of the Foundation for Women Entrepreneurs, Angele Giuliano, agreed, saying quotas were a “lesser evil” necessitated by the lack of Maltese women present within boardrooms.

“I sincerely hope that in time...we would be able to get rid of quotas. Until we get there, however, we’ll have to keep pushing,” Ms Giuliano said. Labour studies lecturer Anna Borg also favoured quotas. “Those arguing against quotas are not aware of the invisible hurdles women face. Men’s structural head-start dates back thousands of years – positive action such as quotas simply seeks to address the imbalance,” she said.

The National Commission for the Promotion of Equality said it was in favour of quotas but warned these would not be the panacea to all gender discrimination issues. Any quotas would need to be bolstered with action challenging gender stereotypes and discriminatory attitudes, they said.

Both the Labour Party and Alternattiva Demokratika spoke along similar lines.

Labour equality spokesman Helena Dalli described quotas as a “necessary evil” which had been proven to work. “The countries which have made the greatest progress in ensuring gender equality are those which have introduced some form of quotas”.

Ms Dalli feels that despite the rhetoric, there is a lack of political and social will to increase equality within decision-making bodies. “If the government really wanted to encourage equality, it could simply nominate an equal number of women and men to sit on its boards,” she said.

“Given that we continue to live in a world where women are discriminated against, quotas in both politics and economics would be welcomed,” AD social policy spokesman Angele Deguara said.

She insisted any quotas had to be buttressed by a genuine desire to foster equality: “Any women who benefit must be as well-qualified as their male counterparts. Quotas can’t be an exercise in tokenism, with women brought in just to make up the numbers.”

In 2010 the UN Committee overseeing the international convention for the elimination of discrimination against women, said it was concerned by the government’s “insufficient understanding of the need for the adoption of temporary special measures” to accelerate the advancement of women. Although all three local political parties already use gender quotas to varying degrees within their internal structures, these quotas are voluntary and debate concerning their introduction for high office is still in its infancy.

The PN’s suggestion of “positive measures” will now be discussed by the relevant Academy for the Development of a Democratic Environment working group.

Gender quotas in practice

Spain: At least 40 per cent of a party’s electoral candidate list must come from either gender.

Rwanda: At least 24 of its 80 parliamentary members must be women. Rwanda is the only country in the world where the majority of Parliament is female.

Norway: Has gender quotas in multiple sectors. At least 40 per cent of all board directors in publicly listed companies must be female.

Belgium: There must be an equal number of female and male electoral candidates. The first two candidates on a party list cannot be of the same gender.

Paying lip service to gender equality?

In Malta almost 60 per cent of graduates are female BUT:
• Only 40 per cent of women are active in the workforce.
• Only six out of 69 MPs are women.
• Only three per cent of board of directors are women.
• An NCPE study found that women earned 23.25 per cent less than men.

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O GALEA

Apr 3rd, 14:27

you have a point.

J. Borg

Dec 6th 2011, 18:52

I tend to agree with Mr Vassallo. It is indeed very good to have "equal rights to opportunities". However forcing through quotas that a percentage of positions are held by women is in my opinion not right. Actually, this is very wrong. As far as I know, nobody is holding females from putting themselves forward for jobs/positions currently occupied by men. So why should quotas be introduced? If I were female, I would actually feel offended to see the need of quotas to help women be in such positions. Positions should be based on experience/relevance/academic background and not sex.

Julie Russell

Dec 6th 2011, 17:47

Nicely said, you are absolutely right.

Sharlet Fabri

Dec 6th 2011, 15:46



The more diversity there is, especially in politics, the better. Only in that way can democracy be ensured and policies represent the needs of all people!

I think that what's most natural is that if the population is composed of more women than men, those that truly represent the same population must be of the same gender. And re your comment on Helena Dalli, I'm more than sure that she is capable more than most men that sit there and get paid for it. Gender quota is not about having a percentage of any women - it's about giving the chance to qualified females to be where they deserve to be. If women weren't treated as objects by men in the first place (which is not natural - I hope that you get this at least), we wouldn't be facing any equality issue at all.

Victor Laiviera

Dec 6th 2011, 16:22

@ V Cassar

Dr Dalli was elected from two districts, the frst woman to achieve this honour ij Malta. She is the last person to need a quota. But you seem to find it difficult to believe that some people favour what is right, not just what is to their personal advantage.

As we say in Maltese, "kulħadd ikejjel b'xibru".

V Cassar

Dec 6th 2011, 21:01

Who are we to say what is right? I never mentioned gender exclusivity, what I'm fully up against is the controlling of the chosen rapresentatives. If there are 30 capable males and 10 capable females (OR VICE-VERSA !), why cant we elect those 40 people instead of eliminating 10 of the capable males and replacing them with other 10 extra females just for the sake of having 20 males and 20 females? I hope you do get my point.
My second point was that liberty and freedom should be the fundamental rule, there is no need for such pathetic regulations based on excessive sentimentalism. The more we make up gender rules, the more we divide them. All rules should apply to everyone regardless of their gender....

and @ Mr G.Borg; I mentioned Helena Dalli because she is mentioned in the article and not because she is in the photo, I read the text not look at the pictures. And for your information I don't even know her personally....Competing candidate?....geez

John Meilak

Dec 6th 2011, 16:32

Easier said than done.

Sharlet Fabri

Dec 6th 2011, 15:37

The simplest answer to your question? Society and it's policies are.

Unfortunately we live in a country where (although slowly changing), women still carry more responsibilities than men. Most women still do the majority of housework, cook, clean and what not, they still iron their husbands' clothes, and things get worse for them if there are children. So what is stopping them? The lack of (and very expensive) play schools would be a start for you to get a hint.

If policies were made to fit the everyone's needs (including those of women, that is), I'm sure more of the latter will be willing to paticipate - not to mention that a female perspective might be very valuable.

So quotas might help women get where they deserve to be. And mind you, they are not needed to add to the number or look equal in statistics, but if there are more qualified women than men, I guess something isn't right.. don't you think?

Ms Maria Vella

Dec 6th 2011, 14:00

Obviously such a statement would come from a man.

Women are generally paid lower salaries even when doing the same job, and more often than not, are ignored for opportunities just because employers are afraid they might get pregnant and leave - this is not always the case and even so.......

Ms Maria Vella

Dec 6th 2011, 14:00

Obviously such a statement would come from a man.

Women are generally paid lower salaries even when doing the same job, and more often than not, are ignored for opportunities just because employers are afraid they might get pregnant and leave - this is not always the case and even so.......

Michael Borg

Dec 6th 2011, 13:49

are you for real ????

Mike Abbot

Dec 6th 2011, 13:52

you hit the nail on the head Ramon

charles caruana

Dec 6th 2011, 15:16

Well said Maria, but I am sure that your comment would not go down well in parliament. You see, if we had to deal with the many forms of discrimination in society by adopting quotas it would reduce to absurdity the whole argument of quotas and its pushers. Thank God there are still level-headed woman like you can point out the nakedness of the latter day emperors dictating from the podium of gender equality organizations.

David Galea

Dec 6th 2011, 13:32

@ Joseph Aquilina
I agree with your comments. I believe one should not make any quotas because in its self is discrimating. I expect that who thinks that is capable and willing to do his part should be entitle to do so without any quotas. May the best win.

Luke Borg

Dec 6th 2011, 11:47

Totally agree!

Michael Borg

Dec 6th 2011, 12:58

well said

M Borg

Dec 6th 2011, 11:49

Well said ! I agree with you 100%

Norman E Grech

Dec 6th 2011, 13:37

@ Alfred Grima

I think you should study the latest statistics! I mean even if you get a copy of statistics of 8 years ago you will find that it is a myth that there are 'more women tna men in Malta'

Every year on average 200 more boys than girls are born and under 45 ther are around 10,000 more men in Malta. It is only above the age of 60 that there are more women and this is because 'women live longer'

I believe in total men and woen in Malta number more or less the same now..

But don't take my word for it! Look it up! Obtain a copy of the official abstract of statistics!

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