Invisible power lines
Matthew Xuereb shines a light on a hidden side of our energy provider
Video: Mark Zammit Cordina
Running underneath Malta’s roads and built-up areas is a maze of tunnels very few people know about.
The tunnels, numbering nine but with another two in the pipeline, lie 30 metres underground and together cover a total of 31 kilometres.
They were dug up by Enemalta Corporation to eliminate the need of unsightly overhead wires and trenching works in the already busy Maltese roads. Most measure about 3.4 metres high and 3.4 or 5 metres wide.
The tunnels are also ideal for locating and repairing any faults that develop from time to time.
Standing in one of the tunnels being dug underneath San Ġwann and Swieqi, an Enemalta spokesman explained that the tunnels provide a safe environment for the installation of an essential part of Malta’s energy infrastructure.
Enemalta has been excavating tunnels for the past 20 years. Right now it is busy preparing the groundwork, literally, for the electric connection from Sicily to Malta with the excavation of two massive tunnels between Magħtab and Kappara.
€2,000
The cost of digging one metre of tunnel
The excavation of the first tunnel between Kappara and Pembroke started last year and is expected to have been completed by the first three months next year.
Concurrently, work will start on a four-kilometre tunnel between Pembroke and the Magħtab terminal station, which will be the connecting point for the interconnector linking Malta’s high voltage network to Ragusa in Sicily.
Architect Mario Scicluna, head of Enemalta’s civil engineering department, said the tunnel between Kappara and Pembroke was just over three kilometres long. With a width of five metres and a height of three, it lies at a depth of 30 metres.
The excavation is being conducted by an Italian firm, which teamed up with a Maltese company for the project.
At a raw cost of €2,000 per metre, excluding the cost of cables and concrete reinforcements put in place when engineers come across certain patches of rock, the excavation of underground tunnel is expensive.
However, when one considers the long-term savings in terms of trenching whenever a fault occurs, underground tunnels are considered as the most efficient and cost-effective option.
Mr Scicluna said excavation was being carried out by a machine brought to Malta by the Italian contractor which is powered by electricity, to eliminate diesel fumes in the tunnel. The generator which provides the power, and which is placed outside the mouth of the tunnel, consumes €300 to €400 of diesel every day. Excavation takes place between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m.
Cutting through the Maltese limestone (franka) is relatively easy but problems arise when workmen encounter other types of rock, which are usually much more difficult to cut through.
Wherever possible, tunnelling is usually carried out along the shortest route between two points, thereby minimising the length of cables. Cable jointing can also be carried out in a more comfortable environment in jointing bay chambers that are widened areas along the route inside.
The corporation spokesman said the investments in the extension to the Delimara power station and the Malta-Sicily interconnector “highlight the corporation’s commitment to the continuous production, distribution and supply of energy”.
Enemalta’s tunnels
| Tunnel | Length |
| Qormi – Mosta dist. centre | 5.5km |
| Qormi – Mosta branch to Msida Valley Rd | 1.1km |
| Qormi – Mosta branch to Marsa Power Station | 1.5km |
| Delimara – Marsa dist. centre | 7.9km |
| Delimara – Marsa branch to Gudja | 1.5km |
| Delimara – Marsa branch to Marsascala | 1.6km |
| Marsascala – SmartCity | 3.1km |
| Msida Valley Rd – Mater Dei Hospital | 1.2km |
| Kappara dist. centre – Ortolan Str, San Ġwann | 1.6km |
| Ortolan Str, San Ġwann – St Andrews dist. centre | 1.5km |
| Ortolan Str, San Ġwann – St Andrews dist. centre branch to Magħtab | 4.65km |
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Angus Black
Nov 29th 2011, 21:20
Obviously, Joseph Muscat and Leo Brincat are totally unaware of such projects as they always harp on Enemalta's 'inefficiencies', No surprise here since the LP leader is also unaware that a number of his 51 'ideas' presented in Parliament are already implemented or will be as a result of the 2012 Budget. Will he blame the Party's computer as his predecessor did prior to the 2008 election?
Will he stop the tunnel to Maghtab and drop the inter-connector to Sicily? Shall we go back to kerosene lamps and candles between 2013 and 2016 when his 'suddenly favourite' alternative prototype plant by Sargas comes on line? Will John Dalli become his 'unofficial' consultant?
Christian Sciberras
Nov 30th 2011, 22:11
Just because Enemalta did a whole in the ground doesn't make it efficient.
Here's a tip, visit Switzerland to get a better meaning of efficiency.
Joseph Vassallo, (Bugibba)
Nov 29th 2011, 18:54
€2000 per metre [3.4m x 3.4m] is equal to €173 per cubic metre. That doesn't sound cheap considering the demand. 32 km of tunnel is 32,000m @ €2,000 or €64,000,000. That is a nice-sized contract in anybody's book.
At that rate, digging 3.5 metres for subterranean garages under an 8m x 20m plot would cost nearly €97000. I don't think it is the case but it has been a long time since I priced builders' work, so maybe I am past my best-by date.
The method of cutting is not high-tech compared to mole-type TBMs. In fact, this method looks quite primitive in terms of modern civil engineering. It looks extremely laborious and repetitive to me. How many machines are currently employed? Drilling in globigerina is an advantage not a drawback because of added stability.
Mole-typeTBMs cut a formed opening in one pass. The more-complex machines can even reinforce and line the rock face but work out expensive to amortise. Take a look at this for grandeur... http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=kc5bRaijRJU
Why is the tunnel so large [3.4m x 3.4m or 3.4 x 5m] if only meant for cables? A mole-type TBM could have made this big enough for traffic and maybe it could have been financed by enemalta and central government or private investment with the scope of generating income through toll fees. This is food for thought when the subject of a metro [or Gozo link] crops up again.
It would be interesting to know how much progress this type of machine can make in one day and up to what finish on the rock face.
This is very interesting and shows that there is some unsung planning going on, so obviously someone has been doing some work instead of resting on laurels. Nice one, whoever you are.
Stanley Colombo
Nov 30th 2011, 08:59
If we take a square tunnel it's 3.4 x 3.4 x 1 = 11.56 cubic metres. 11.56 x 2,000 = EUR 23,120, not 173. If we take a circular tunnel at 3.4m diameter, that equates to 9.08 cubic metres @ 2,000 = EUR 18,160 per cubic metre, not 173.
WHY do we always have to include politics in the equation?
Charles Grima
Nov 30th 2011, 11:49
Boy is your calculator RED!!!
I suggest you retrace your steps....
Joseph Vassallo, (Bugibba)
Nov 30th 2011, 16:38
@ Stanley Colombo:
You are totally off-track and clueless, sir. You must have rushed into your comment.
First of all, this is not a circular tunnel but a square-sided vaulted one but since the vaulting is only shallow, for the sake of simplicity I calculated it as square.
If you take the section as being circular, as you stated yourself the volume of rock cut per metre of tunnel would be less (9.08 cubic metres) in which case, the cost per cubic metre would be higher still because €2,000 divided by 9.08 cubic metres of rock gives a product of €220.26 per cubic metre. At that rate, excavating 8m by 20 metres by 3.4 metres deep as I suggested in my example would mean that your garage level would cost you €119,821 (just for the rock cutting).
But as I said, the equation has been simplified because there is an element of access and disposal involved.
11.56 metres square multiplied by 1 metre give a product of 11.56 cubic metres. €2,000 is the cost of one metre of tunnel and therefore the cost of 11.56 cubic metres of rock cutting. You are meant to divide the cost by the volume to find the cost per cubic metre. €2,000 divided (NOT MULTIPLIED) by 11.56 cubic metres give the unit rate of €173.01 per cubic metre.
What is your current occupation, sir? I take it that you are not a quantity surveyor.
NOW! What did you do with the money your mother gave you for maths private lessons?
@ Charles Grima:
Where is it that you perceive political colour in my calculation?
They are simple calculations that any first-form pupil should be able to make.
What part or principle did you not understand? And you're telling me to retrace my steps? Really?
Can you at least substantiate your contention?
Joseph Vassallo, (Bugibba)
Nov 30th 2011, 17:06
@ Stanley Colombo and Charles Grima:
No apology necessary. Just "OOOPS!" will do.
Stanley Colombo
Feb 22nd, 11:22
Dear Mr. / Dr. / Prof. / Yr. Excellence / Yr. Highness Vassallo, as you may notice I am replying very quickly to your highly objective response - that shows that I give your comments tremendous importance.
I humbly admit that I made a mistake, yes. And my mistake was taking the €2,000 figure per metre CUBED instead of per metre.
You are completely right, I am NOT a quantity surveyor, I don't have the necessary I.Q. to even KNOW what that means so sorry if I wasted your precious time - of which thankfully you seem to dispose of in quite copious quantities.
When my poor mama used to send me to private lessons I used to squander all the money she used to earn from prostitution (but today she is a nun!) in cigarettes, drugs and women...what a criminal have I been! Please do not ask me what my profession is because I am too shy to proclaim it to you. It is however highly illegal so please keep this as a secret between you and I as I may easily get arrested - and then I could not feed my four ex-wives, current three girlfriends and eleven children - I am so responsible after all!
Joseph Vassallo, (Bugibba)
Feb 22nd, 14:05
Mr Colombo, I said... "No apologies necessary... just OOPS! will do."
Considering you turned a technical calculation into a party- political essay, I see no justification in you getting on your high horse and feeling offended because I joked about "skipping maths lessons". At the end of the day, you have to admit that you were jolly careless with your arithmetic (other than using Pi to calculate superficial area).
I did not mean to offend and sincerely apologise if I did; it is a joke often voiced when someone makes an honest mistake... we ask "What did you do with the money?"... "What money?"... "The money your mama gave you for lessons." I wasn't to know that you were unfamiliar with it. You'll probably have occasion to use it yourself, now you are familiar with it. I reiterate that no offence was intended because next time I could be on the receiving end.
BUT... I am amazed by something else however... your comment is dated TODAY AT 11:20 even though my comment was made last November... yet here I am looking up a long-forgotten post and finding your comment.
Is the date correct? Judging by the assumed sarcasm about "giving your comments tremendous importance" I'm thinking it must be.
So, is my visit here coincidence? Or are we telepathic?
I respectfully offer to shake your hand sir and I am not a professor... just a retired working man who knew his job of pricing artificers' work and who gives everybody's comments tremendous importance.
My original point remains that this rock-cutting is costing YOU AND ME more than it should, because Enemalta will be adding it to our bills, sooner rather than later.
Stanley Colombo
Feb 22nd, 15:10
Dear Joseph,
whatever you are, retired, professor, layman - point remains you were correct to the last number and I did make a mistake. To be honest I thought your comments were downright arrogant - especially since you marketed yourself such a smart Alec. Today you have shown you can be still smart but at teh same time also a very nice guy - which warrants an adequate reply from my side. You played fair by apologizing and I am doing the same - but I assure you that no offence was taken in the first place - my self-esteem has withstood much worse treatment, and then, only made stronger.
The date lag is due to the fact that I had forgotten about all this and also never intended to reply, but when you reminded me of this again by pasting this link in another post of mine (again in such an arrogant way) completely unrelated to this one I thought you were pushing it too far - that gave me three choices - ignore you once and for all and risk another arrogant instigation, send my intelligence to hell and hail you with a ton of insults which would be mediated anyway, or post you a super-sarcastic but auto-critic reply which was bound to catch your attention - boy did I choose the best of the three :)
It seems then that out of your options the telepathic one is the more applicable :)
I respectfully and humbly accept your handshake offer - and re-iterate that whatever you were you seem to have known your job big time and your eventual successor had one hell of a reputation to live up to.
Now to the actual point - even here you couldn't be more correct in my opinion. But I wish to add that at least these tunnels can be more justified than the colossal inefficiencies retraceable to this monster of a company.
I may not have said a lot but I think reconciling (if that were ever needed) two gentlemen like you and I is certainly more important - after all we will still end up paying for others' inefficiencies, whether we fight over a miscalculation or not.
Hats off to you again Joseph - I hope your retirement was of epic prorportions. If all your contributions are as sterling as this one you are giving a very valuable contribution to the country and we younger ones have much to learn from people like you.
Joseph Vassallo, (Bugibba)
Feb 22nd, 19:07
Hello again Stanley,
I am concerned that I came across as arrogant because my intention would at best (or worst) have been to be provocative wishing to elicit an engaging expansion of thoughts. You seem to have a very strong opinion which of course I would defend your right to have; similarly your thoughts on my coming across as a wannabe "smart Alec".
I can’t think which arrogant post (link) you are referring to though, but I do like an intelligent debate (argument even). Today I linked my post here to my comment on the MT bribery case (http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20120222/local/two-arraigned-in-road-works-bribery-case.408000) but can’t see anything arrogant in what I said there. Unfortunately, the moderators removed my opening paragraphs, not because they were arrogant but seemingly, because they don’t understand the contentiousness and implications. To be honest, I recently stopped commenting on this board because I felt that some hidden agenda was making the moderators dump my posts. I put in an honest effort into my comments and will research the subject just to be sure that I have not become confused and dimential, now that I’m waiting for god; but having done that, I don’t like to see my post binned because it criticises (or puts in a bad light) some politician or reporter held in high regard.
When I said, in my original reply, that you were off-track and clueless, I felt you were mitigated by having had to rush your reply (tempus fugit etc) and I said so in the same sentence. I certainly didn’t mean that you come across as incapable of distinguishing between multiplication and division. That was my quip, as in witticism rather than a derisive or contemptuous retort. When I said I assumed you are not a quantity surveyor, it was to let you know that pricing civil engineering works is a specialist profession (A.R.I.C.S. affiliates) so there is no need to feel humbled by mistakes we can both make.
Sometimes it is difficult, if not even impossible, to convey an intended tone via the written word; my apologies for any misunderstanding I may have caused. I try to write primarily on things I consider I have some knowledge about and secondarily, with an open mind to opposition and a leaning to tongue-in-cheek humour (remember the “what did you do with the money” thing? Sadly, it seems I don't always deliver my aspirations satisfactorily.
I hasten to reassure you that I am no pretentious academic whose only vehicle at work was a desk. I grew up on building sites and learned my trades by (sometimes-harsh) experience. Please consider that I come from an era when we projected profits in fractions of an old penny per unit when tendering for artificers works. We had no computers then; pricing, casting and extending were done on fingers and toes (so to speak) and meant sleepless nights checking for arithmetical errors. Sixteen and twenty-hour days, to hit a tender deadline, were normal because we had a day-job to do as well.
The British Standard Method of Measurement (BSMM was used by UK government) is very demanding and each trade had to be priced separately on dedicated bills of quantities. One day per week was set aside for site meetings with quantity surveyors to measure completed work, in order to claim interim payments. I couldn’t believe that local architects measured PWD contracts in lump sums off the top of their heads and without deducting openings whether they were building walls or painting them.
Sometimes we took risks in order to secure a contract and we lost instead of earned; the risks were justified because without them, our workers (all breadwinners) lost out. Competition was heavy and contracts few, especially when the UK government started running down its military presence in Malta.
We priced “rock cutting with hand-picks (bqaqen) or compressor”, at about one euro a cubic yard. You will now understand better why I find €200 per cubic metre scandalously incomprehensible, despite the specific limitations. Hopefully, this explains why I felt outraged by the report and went into retro-mode for a top-of-head assessment. Someone is making millions at the taxpayers’ expense; lucrative contracts like these do not just happen.
Enemalta, as you rightly say, is a monster. We were told only recently, that it means to recoup its long-term losses over the immediate short-term future. Until recently, we received a “subsidy” on water and electricity consumed in our homes but these were written down as losses in the Enemalta/WSC accounts. As such, they will be recovered within the new pricing structure for utilities being levied now. This means that we will be paying back to Enemalta/WSC ALL the subsidies of previous years up to heaven knows when. If I am understanding this correctly, the “subsidy” was not a subsidy at all but a deferral of payment. No one has been forthcoming with a reassurance that I am wrong. So... What are we to think?
As you can see, I am totally incapable of writing one-line comments so, I’ll thank you for your thoughts and for accepting my apology and my hand in friendship. I hope others who happen by this exchange find it of interest and possibly gain something from it.
Sincerely.
Justin Borg Saywell
Nov 29th 2011, 15:44
Underground tunnels are sorely needed not just for services such as electricity cables but for traveling and dodging traffic jams, like the underground in London.
Joe Vella
Nov 29th 2011, 13:14
Now, if Joseph Muscat cut back the rate of return on investments that Enemalta bills consumers, where is Enemalta going to get the funds to investment in future capital projects and pay for past ones? Cutting the the rate of return on investments from 9.5% to 4.5% as Joseph Muscat is promising amounts to 12 million Euros savings to consumers which amounts to 4 Euros annually in savings to every household. For 4 Euros in annual savings can we afford not to continue with the necessary infrastructure investments to continue to ensure a guarantee provision of Electricity and water. Or we prefer to go back the way we where in the 70's and the 80's?
H. Montanaro
Nov 29th 2011, 12:45
Introduction of METRO in Malta particularly in the areas surrounding the harbours will certainly eliminate the present heavy traffic congestions. These Metro lines should do the job.
Line one: St Julians, Sliema, Gzira, Msida, Pieta, Valletta. Line two: Far end of B'Kara, Hamrun, Valletta. Line three: There Cities, Zabbar, Fgura, Paola, Marsa, Valletta. Of course this is easier said than done, it will cost millions, and a very very serious feasibility study will be needed.
George Smith
Nov 29th 2011, 14:29
I agree ...
C Cassar
Nov 29th 2011, 19:00
where is the money going to come from? The EU won't make a contribution because it's not a critical requirement for an island the size of Malta since there are'nt the passenger volumes to make such a system cost effective.
Forget the idea, a bus network is sufficient for the size of the Maltese islands.
Mr Peter Korsten
Nov 29th 2011, 21:39
See my comment below. A metro system for Malta would easily cost €10,000,000,000. That's ten billion.
For the record, I love rail transport and particularly urban heavy rail, but an underground railway for Malta is simply not feasible.
Jurgen Farrugia
Nov 29th 2011, 12:26
I worked like this before and the job is not easy and cost a lot of money. People don't sometimes know how much works are being carried out wich we don't even know exists.
Mr Joe Micallef
Nov 29th 2011, 12:02
An underground grid would be great especially if it associated with out of centre parking facilities.
But do we afford it? - Hardly so, I would assume that a finished meter running could easily cost € 50,000
Is topography suitable? – Would hardly think so
What alternatives
Maybe we should consider an underground bicycle grid – Finishing will cost less and no transport equipment required other than that provided by commuter.
But it has to be a flat ride from any one point to another!
V. Cauchi
Nov 29th 2011, 11:59
Re a metro system in Malta.
It was said some time ago that an underground railway system had been considered in Malta before the public transport reform took off, but the ticket costs were "prohibitive". Can anyone involved tell how prohibitive they were and on which factors were costings based?
j brincat
Nov 29th 2011, 11:50
@Karl Abela
"Such a feasibility study was carried out by the ministry of Austin Gatt (the man you all love to hate, and who actually does something right"
Many would not be in total agreement that whatever he does is right! Unless, of course, you are a brown noser!
(jb)
Andre Cilia
Nov 29th 2011, 12:18
He who does something is he who gets things wrong.
JC Sullivan
Nov 29th 2011, 17:12
"It's better to have tried and failed, than no to have tried at all."
and my own quote... S/he who does nothing is part of the problem.
A. Zammit
Nov 29th 2011, 11:35
Very interesting; how about forcing Melita and GO to use these tunnels (naturally at a cost) to remove their unsighty wires currently criss crossing most of our roads.
Paul Caruana
Nov 29th 2011, 11:35
No doubt I am being very naive, but we should seriously consider enlarging them and use them as part of a national transport underground system!
Stefan Curmi
Nov 29th 2011, 11:30
Big well done! Can't these be also used to cater for traffic?? At least serve as by-passes in most traffic prone areas?
S. Curmi
Mr ALBERT LEONE GANADO
Nov 29th 2011, 11:26
Clearly indicates that the solution to Malta's transport problem in the long term is to build an underground transport system. One line north to south with an interchange east to west would cover at least 80 percent of the maltese travelling needs. Considering the costs of tunneling abroad in water logged clay or granite a tunnel at 2000 euro per metre is a real steal. Rather than wasting time evaluating a tunnel between Malta and Gozo a study should be considered for this much more high priority feasible project. As other countries have done we should consider a project running over 10 to 15 years.
Joseph E Briffa
Nov 29th 2011, 11:01
Well done Enemalta....hardly anybody is aware of these works because they are hidden from sight; but we all expect to have light and power when we plug in and we all moan when there is a a few minutes' outage.
John Vella
Nov 29th 2011, 11:50
Mr Briffa. Hidden? Not in Fgura. We had a collapsed road. Another road was closed for nearly a year. And part of Wied Blandun ruined. And there is one street near Wied Blandun its like a third word country.
Having said that we need a metro system which can be partly financed by EU. Mr Anglu Xuereb once proposed a metro from Paola to Valletta to Sliema and stops in Paceville I wonder why it was never commissioned. With A Metro going to Paola to paceville will take less than one minute. Such transport is fast, economical and cheap to run.
Mr Robert Dingli
Nov 29th 2011, 10:59
These tunnels can easily be used to serve as a metro station or public transport system - they just need to be reinforced and have a couple of stations along the route - malta's traffic would definitely be solved or if not reduced !
Mr Peter Korsten
Nov 29th 2011, 11:54
Let's see... €2000 per metre for a tunnel that would barely fit one train. A more realistic cost would be €10,000 per metre, or €10 million per kilometre. We'd need at least 30 km of tunnels (Enemalta has already over 30 km), so at least €300 million. And that's just digging, not the lining, emergency escapes, station buildings, tracks, safety systems, depots, trains of corse and what else. So we're looking at least at €1 billion, with a government debt of €6 billion. And this is a very conservative estimate: Amsterdam is building a 9.7 km subway line, of which 3.8 km is underground, at a cost of (for now) €3.1 billion, more than twice over budget. So a subway system for Malta could easily cost €10 billion.
Where is the money going to come from?
Joseph Debattista
Nov 29th 2011, 10:47
Impressive indeed. Why do they have to be so huge?Apart from some small personnel transport, cables do not take that much space, or is the installation machinery also involved? Or is there another reason.
Jonathan Scerri
Nov 29th 2011, 11:20
Yes, technical. Physical cable separation.
Frans van Avendonk
Nov 29th 2011, 11:28
What about the van! Or do you expect them to walk? Do not forget they are Maltese workers...
Franco Ebejer
Nov 29th 2011, 12:47
Dawn sa fejn naf jien mhux l-inglizi kienu bdew ihafruwom, jekk miniex sejjer zball!!! Ghax milli rajt fil video hu f'certu postijiet fejn ghandom il ventijiet ta l-arja....il Maltin anqas biss kapaci jzommuwom naqra nodfa u sura ta niex, u rwejjah ta gas jew zejt hierga mil vent tal arja li hemm rahal gdid....kollox jillikja!!!
B Ellul
Nov 29th 2011, 12:51
Frans
I think that everyone (not only Maltese workers) will need transport.... we're talking about KM here to go from one place to another....
R Malia
Nov 29th 2011, 10:42
Couldn't we use these for an underground train aswell...
Daniel Gaffarena
Nov 29th 2011, 10:02
When I was about 15 I remember them digging one of those in Gzira, me and my friends used to dare each other to go in all the way, we never got there of course, the tunnel seemed to deep.
Daniel Gaffarena
Nov 29th 2011, 10:44
It was probably the one that passes to Matre Dei Hospital
Reinhard Azzopardi
Nov 29th 2011, 12:56
When was this? During the mid 90s?
Ian Morris
Nov 29th 2011, 09:59
Once again, what about Gozo?
Tony Stivala
Nov 29th 2011, 11:31
In Gozo I can nearly reach the cables passing through my balcony, and I am only 5'5". This is because, as years went by they sagged so much and have become dangerous in my opinion, but of course the people from Enemalta or eneGozo, declared they are safe enough
Paul Attard Baldacchino
Nov 29th 2011, 09:57
If we have the means and technology to do this we have the technology to implement an underground transport service right? That would surely eliminate all the traffic, pollution and hazard on the roads....
Karl Abela
Nov 29th 2011, 10:37
Such a feasibility study was carried out by the ministry of Austin Gatt (the man you all love to hate, and who actually does something right), and it was concluded that the cheapest form of underground rail transport is only feasible with a population of 5 million inhabitants.
An underground round network is even more impossible because this requires alot more space especially for entrance and exit points.
Mr Alex Phillips
Nov 29th 2011, 11:05
This has been going on in Australia since 1974. Hardly "new technology" guys!
Mr Duncan Scerri
Nov 29th 2011, 11:29
@Karl Abela
"Rennes has... a metro line that was inaugurated in March 2002 and cost €500 million to build. The driverless Rennes Metro (VAL) is 9.4 km (5.8 mi) in length and has 15 stations, including one designed by architect Norman Foster (La Poterie station)."
Population: 206,655.
Brescia (population: 197,250) and Lausanne (population: 125,885) also have metro systems.
You might also care to take a look at "Dorfbahn Serfaus".
Wally Vella-Zarb
Nov 29th 2011, 11:40
Who said that it was "new technology"?
Mr Tony Gatt
Nov 29th 2011, 09:44
So why can't a long-term plan be implemented to build an underground commuter railway before Malta comes to a grinding halt?
Mr Michel Ellul
Nov 29th 2011, 10:37
you read my mind, but we are no experts, we are just joe public. The so called experts didn't want to build a simple pedestrian bridge over mriehel bypass, do you think that are going to build a subway....we are blind, we do not have vision.
Mr A Grech
Nov 29th 2011, 09:28
interesting read!