Egypt’s former President Hosni Mubarak was wheeled into court on a stretcher yesterday and denied murder and graft charges, as sporadic clashes erupted outside between supporters and foes.

The former strongman, looking pale and dressed in white, pleaded not guilty from a metal-barred cage to the premeditated murder of protesters who took to the streets to topple his regime in an uprising that erupted on January 25. He and his sons Alaa and Gamal also denied all corruption charges.

After a four-hour hearing – the former strongman’s first public appearance since he resigned on February 11 – the trial was adjourned until August 15.

Former Interior Minister Habib al-Adly and six of his deputies were also in the dock in the same case, and they are due in court again today.

Judge Ahmed Refaat, presiding over the Cairo Criminal Court, said Mr Mubarak would be staying at the International Medical Centre, a hospital on the outskirts of Cairo, until the next hearing.

In response to a request by the defence team, Judge Refaat agreed to allow an oncologist to follow up on Mr Mubarak’s health during his hospital stay.

Alaa and Gamal seemed composed throughout the hearing and appeared to shield their ailing father from the television cameras, leaning down regularly to talk to him.

The trial of Mr Mubarak, whose spectacular downfall sent shockwaves across the region, was a key demand of the uprising. One civil society lawyer called for Field Marshal Hussein Tantawi, head of the ruling Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) and Mubarak’s long-time defence minister, to appear as a witness in the trial.

Lawyers jostled for microphones during the hearing that was for the most part conducted in an orderly manner.

Outside the courtroom clashes erupted between loyalists and foes of the former President, with several people injured.

Pro-Mubarak protesters carried pictures of him, while his opponents held up posters of the former President behind a noose, and security forces stepped in repeatedly to separate both sides.

The crowd, including families of victims killed during the uprising, had been watching the trial on a large screen outside the Police Academy – once called the Mubarak Police Academy.

Judge Refaat last week vowed a speedy trial and said that the sessions would be held on consecutive days.

Until the last minute, it was widely believed Mr Mubarak would not show up, or that the trial would open and then be adjourned indefinitely.

The hearing has gripped the nation, and Cairo’s usually bustling streets were abnormally quiet during the proceedings.

Mr Mubarak, 83, was flown to the capital earlier from the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh where he had been in custody in hospital being treated for a heart condition.

Security was tight, with barbed wire outside the Police Academy and more than a dozen riot police trucks securing the entrances, an AFP reporter said.

The trial is being held in an auditorium fitted with a large black cage to hold the defend-ants, including Mr Adly on whom Mr Mubarak relied to quell the revolt, and six police chiefs.

The defendants are accused of stealing millions of dollars from the state and ordering the killing of anti-regime protesters during the uprising.

His lawyer Farid al-Deeb claimed that Mr Mubarak suffers from cancer and went into a coma last month, which the hospital denied.

One of his doctors said the ex-President was stable, but extremely depressed and weak after refusing food for several days.