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Short school hours among shortcomings of Maltese educational system

Roger Murphy: “Much teaching in Malta seems to be designed to impart factual knowledge. Elsewhere, students are encouraged to develop their thinking skills.” Photo: Paul Zammit Cutajar

Roger Murphy: “Much teaching in Malta seems to be designed to impart factual knowledge. Elsewhere, students are encouraged to develop their thinking skills.” Photo: Paul Zammit Cutajar

Short school hours, undue emphasis on academic knowledge and lack of professional development training for teachers seem to be the major shortcomings in the Maltese education system, according to an external observer from the University of Nottingham.

“The way forward for Malta is to invest more broadly in expertise and teaching methods,” RogerMurphy, Professor of Education at the University of Nottingham told The Sunday Times.

Murphy, who in 2005 contributed to a full review of the Matsec Examinations Board process, has since kept an eye on the developments in Maltese education, and recently returned to carry out further work.

Some of the flaws in the education system, highlighted in his report six years ago, have seen no signs of improvement, such as the short school year: “When compared with a wide range of other education systems in developed countries, students in Malta are still receiving a very low number of hours of schooling.”

He also referred to the recent European Commission study on private tuition in EU countries, which revealed that in 2008 in Malta a record 78 per cent of Maltese fourth and fifth formers attended some kind of private lessons.

The study concluded that this was having a negative effect on students because it was restricting their leisure time in a way that is “psychologically and educationally undesirable”.

Murphy had already highlighted this reliance on private lessons in his report six years ago: “I think these very high figures are partly a result of short schooling hours.

“Private tuition is probably a way for students to catch up on parts of the syllabus which have not been covered at school due to time constraints. It is creating a climate where it is acceptable that school is not enough,” he said.

This sentiment was echoed recently by educational psychologist Victor Martinelli who said school hours are not long enough and do not give teachers time to expand on points students may not have grasped completely during a lesson.

Murphy noted that apart from disrupting the lives of young people, private tuition potentially disadvantaged children whose families cannot afford the tuition bills.

“What’s more, it is completely unregulated,” he said, pointing out that whereas school teachers are constantly monitored, there is no regulating body for private tutors.

Longer school hours seem to be the solution to curb the accelerating rise in after-school tuition.

According to a Eurodyce report on ‘Key data on Education in Europe 2009’, in most countries, taught time increases as children progress through school, with the exception of Malta, where the number of school hours in primary and secondary schools stay the same. In fact, students from the northern countries of Europe rarely attend extra tutoring outside their normal schooling hours.

However, isn’t the short school year – in particular the three-month-long summer break – simply a direct consequence of the weather?

“Yes, of course. But Malta is not the only country with a warm climate. Nowadays architects can come up with purposely built structures which would be better equipped for summer,” he said.

In the 2005 report, Murphy had mentioned the issue that the Maltese schooling system emphasises heavily on traditional academic knowledge – a practice out of line with other countries. Did he think it was still the case?

“Yes. Much teaching in Malta seems to be designed to impart factual knowledge. Elsewhere, students are encouraged to develop their thinking skills.

“The Maltese system allows less time for students to develop their creativity and understanding of bigger issues,”he said.

Moreover, he said, many countries have now seen the introduction of vocationally oriented subjects in order to engage a wider pool of students.

“These taught subjects would be work-related skills, and in some education systems, vocational subjects are also tied in with examinations,” he said.

However, it’s even more important, stressed Murphy, to have appropriately qualified teachers in place. “Young qualified teachers, say in computing, are findingthemselves without work. The reason being that in past years, graduates in other subjects would have moved into teaching computing to fill in vacancies,” he said.

This is constantly creating a setting where teachers are not in their right place and are not teaching their specialised subject, and therefore can never give their optimum.

He was full of praise for the University’s Bachelor of Education course: “The B. Educ course has an unfair reputation – it’s a four-year course and they cover a lot of subject expertise as well as get a sustained opportunity to develop their expertise in the teaching elements.

“It disappoints me that B. Educ graduates are looked down upon or unfairly branded,” he said.

It is crucial, he said, that teachers’ performance is monitored and appraised and that they are given opportunities for professional development training and interaction.

“I know some schools are trying to introduce changes such as interactive whiteboards – but I am not sure teachers have been given proper training on how best to use them,” he said.

On the Matsec Examination system, he said very little has happened since 2005: “If anything, many of the people have changed, which means there are new people with less experience on board.”

He describes the setting up of the examination board in the 1990s as something “very brave and courageous”. It is, after all, the smallest national examination board providing the official national school-leaving and university entrance examinations in the whole world.

“It’s doing some good things, definitely. However, there needs to be investment and support, as well as stronger partnerships with other foreign assessment organisations.”

Murphy believes there is no such thing as the ideal education system: “Different countries have to deal with different kinds of issues, but we can all learn from each other.”

Have your say

If you wish to contribute an article or would like a particular subject tackled in the Education section, call Davinia Hamilton on 2559 4513 or e-mail dhamilton@timesofmalta.com.

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Jesmond Micallef

Jun 24th 2011, 03:21

I'm glad that you have responded here, Professor Murphy. I will not indulge in a discussion relating to the education system in Malta but will highlight something which has intrigued my curiosity ever since I had a go at teaching myself.

Education should ideally be an experience and not an indoctrination. For intance, why is it that some very clever people end up doing mischief when they could channel their own intelligence the other way round ? This seems to be a generic problem which probably spans across the globe. Why is it that society loses on such people as they end up behind bars or in other forms of trouble. Surely every person is an individual but considering this same fact, it seems that so far at least, interaction with state approved methods of instruction fail here somehow. There is a defined national standard but why is it that people wonder off ? Isn't this a failure of the education system ? I think it is and in order to address this people seem to concentrate mostly on the background of the individual rather the individual him or herself. The background, like family environment, freinds, but perhaps local geographic area also and are beyond the individuals control. So this is where a "compensating" substitute comes in and the student / teacher interaction has good potential here.

A good exercise here would be that of once a week, for a couple of hours at least, pupils could participate in what I would call, the "democratic" process. The pupils would during the session lead the teacher. The pupils would have previously thought of an idea which the teacher has to fulfill. The idea is purely generated by the pupils and nobody else where under predefined rules and conditions, the teacher would have to satisfy a task setforth by the students. A very important aspect of the task is that it is normally associated with adults. It could be anything, a political task, a scientific task, a social task, a managerial task, a family task, anything which one would expect from mature adults, whether they have a leading role or not in society in general.

The whole exercise would involve feedback from both sides, hence consolidating negotiative, communicative processes, crtical appraisals and other skills between both. It also provides the pupils with a good sense of empowerment and how they learn from it when witnessing at first hand thier own teacher perform a task which is normally expected from mature adults in society.

Wouldn't the above qualify in making better people, apart from the traditional aspects of formal education taught in the classroom.?

Ms C. Dimech

Jun 20th 2011, 12:42

sorry, missing the point, how can longer school hours for kids not equate longer hours for teachers??!!! I think that would defeat the purpose!!!

Mr M Borg

Jun 20th 2011, 16:52

You can be sure that teaching is not the only demanding job on the island. Schools should not finish so early and the summer holidays should be shortened. Three months is too long.

Mrs C. Weitze

Jun 20th 2011, 09:42

Please, do not insult my intelligence!

What you are really worried about is that with longer working hours, you will have less chance of giving private lessons - hence earn some extra pocket money in the afternoon, like many other teachers do.

And that pocket money can be quite a substantial amount - TAX FREE!

I don't think that any Maltese parent has ever received a VAT or any other receipt for the money spent on private lessons.

Victor Rodenas

Jun 20th 2011, 11:22

What ,teachers do not pay tax on private lessons..........tut,tut,....that is why I sometimes laugh when some holier than thou mentiones CONCIENCE. Is evading Tax year in year out a grave sin ?Nobody confesses that sin after all, our religion is PICK and CHOOSE.

Pia Attard

Jun 20th 2011, 09:43

As a person who's been educated both in Malta and in Australia, I can assure you that simply having enough hours to go through the syllabus is not enough. Having real, proper time to teach critical thinking during ANY class is also very important. No, teaching them what they need to know to pass the exams is not sufficient.

Mr Joseph Micallef

Jun 20th 2011, 08:44

Wow! Having been a teacher, your English leaves much to be desired!

Mr Joe Xuereb

Jun 20th 2011, 21:13

There's always place for improvement but who gives a damn for style or grammar (except that writing like one speaks and submit is so refreshing to me at least. It's all about content Micallef, all about content. But thanks for Maltese style compliment. Have a nice one whatever it is you fancy a bit on the side of (that doesn't sound right but I'll let it go. As usual.

Mr john vella

Jun 20th 2011, 13:19

Well said Malcolm

Mr Robert Calafato

Jun 19th 2011, 21:19

An education isn't how much you have committed to memory, or even how much you know. It's being able to differentiate between what you know and what you don't.

Anatole France

Mr Denis Pace

Jun 19th 2011, 21:44

says who? may I ask

Mr Christopher Sant

Jun 19th 2011, 22:34

What a sweeping statement! After having worked both locally and abroad I can never deduce that people of one nationality are better than others. However one thing is certain. Foreigners have a more professional attitude at work. Although Maltese people are generally very clever and hard working, a significant number of them lack the ability to work in teams, motivate and respect colleagues without the need to shout or pass negative comments which bear no influence on the job at stake. Ironically we can be very friendly and diplomatic with foreigners but arrogant with our own people.

Christine Bonello

Jun 19th 2011, 23:39

how are you so certain??!!

S. Vella

Jun 20th 2011, 01:12

What limitations?

I am just one voice speaking from decades of international experience - our local professionals (most though not all) are inflexible, sorely lack lateral thinking and worst of all cannot formulate a coherent train of thought accurately and intuitively on the fly. Most of them have been browbeaten into a fearful submission to "authority" (sic) and are too scared to take the plunge.

The ones who do, rarely stay in Malta - can't really blame them.

Academically our students do in fact possess more factual knowledge but unfortunately most of them cannot apply it without core thinking skills. Our culture itself encourages tradition instead of innovation. No wonder we always lag 50-100 years behind the rest of Europe and the civilised world.

Marie Mifsud

Jun 20th 2011, 07:42

Yes, if you are speaking in terms of book knowledge we are excellent! However, as Mr. Murphy rightly said we leave much to be desired in terms of thinking skills!

Peter Xuereb

Jun 20th 2011, 07:56

I have to say that they are not necessarily better on average. You still have many that are discouraged to even pursue post-secondary education. That said I do agree that they are potentially better. There just needs to be the necessary reforms to better improve the system of education.

Giov DeMartino

Jun 20th 2011, 12:02

Limitations? With a population of 400000 persons the choice is extremely limited. Our doctors are as good as foreign doctors. Abroad you'll find better and worse doctors.
How do I know? Because I spent all my life teaching children at primary level and whenever I had foreign students or Maltese students coming from, say, Australia, the locals were always better. Always!

And certainly we are much better than foreigners when we come to denigrate our own island. That is for sure.

Mark Abdilla

Jun 19th 2011, 20:54

Very well said!!

MALCOLM SEYCHELL

Jun 19th 2011, 21:07

ghandek miljun ragun. dolores cristina ta ministru inkompetenti li hi gabet professur mill ingilterra. Qas biss taf li l ingilterra spiccat l ghar pajjiz fl ewropa fejn tidhol imgieba tat tfal u problemi. Minghajr dixxiplina gungla nigu kif diga mexjin lejn dik it triq.

James Catania

Jun 19th 2011, 21:09

Ronald,

Li it tfal ma jkollomx dixxiplina mhijiex problema tat-tfal imma il problema tal-ghalliem li ma jafx jirregola il-klassi tieghu jew il metodi li qed juza m'humiex adattati ghal-udjenza li ghandu.

Mr John Camillleri

Jun 19th 2011, 22:47

Prosit Sur Mifsud. Naqbel mieghek perfettament. L-edukazzjoni ta' Malta tiehu r-ruh meta jwaqqfu l-attakki sfrenati fuq it-teachers u l-amministraturi fl-iskejjel u jieqfu jisimghu u jimplimentaw b'ghajnejhom maghluqa l-idejat ta' nies barranin u Maltin li fil-klassi kienu ftit li xejn jew qatt. Dik hi l-hasra hawn Malta li nisimghu mill-"experts" kollha u lill-veri experts li qeghdin hands on naghtuhom bis-sieq.

Mr Etienne Galea

Jun 19th 2011, 22:55

Prosit - right on target!!!!!!!!!

Rowena Spiteri

Jun 20th 2011, 08:44

ezattament Mr. Mifsud. Kulhadd irid jindahal f'affarijiet li ma jifhmux fihom. Lghalliema sa fejn naf jien ma joqodux jikkritikaw ix-xogholijiet ta haddiehor. Nixtieq nistieden lil dawn kollha li jahsbu li jifhmu, biex imorru go skola u jippruvaw jaghllmu u jaraw jissaportux sena skolastika shiha ma dawn it-tfal. Hafna min-nies flok japprezzaw il-gid li jaghmlu l-ghalliema mohhom biex itawlu il-hin ta l-iskola biss. Li ha nghidu kif inhi!!!! dan kollu gej mill-genituri li ma jistghux izommu lit-tfal taghhom id-dar jew ghax imqarbin hafna, jew ghax iridu johorgu jahdmu, u jixtiequ li jwahhluh lil-ghalliema, umbad jippretendu li l-ghalliema ikollohom kontroll ta 25 tifel u tifla. Minbarra hekk, jekk l-attitudni tal-genituri hi li jmaqdru lil-ghalliema, kif nippretendu rispett minn-naha tat-tfal. Dan HU li qed itellef is-sistema ta l-edukazzjoni u mhux il-hin. Grazzi.

Mr N. Agius

Jun 19th 2011, 22:10

It is obvious that some memory work has to be presents. Facts are facts and that will be part of every syllabus. It is the exaggeration with memory work that is wrong. Regarding, private tuition, if the teacher does not perform well at school, he won't have followers outside.... If you know of any teacher doing this deliberately, then report him or her to the relevant authorities.

Janice Debattista

Jun 20th 2011, 01:27

Mr Darmanin,

It might well be the case... however, teachers have the arduous task of imparting knowledge to their students in a very short span of time. One must remember the many factors a teacher has to face in the classroom - going through all the topics according to the syllabus, preparing pupils for exams, monitoring the students' progress, coming up with homework and several classwork exercises to suit the different academic levels of students, correcting misbehaving children, trying to settle down the class, answering any of their questions, re-explaining some parts of the lesson, so on and so forth... you get my gist. All of this has to be done in just under 40mins, on a daily basis.

Not all teachers see the Euro sign above their students' heads Mr Darmanin. The majority are really passionate about their teaching career and would do anything to give today's children the best possible education.

Christine Bonello

Jun 19th 2011, 19:01

Mr Vella,

I beg to differ with you. My opinion and experience is exactly the opposite of what you are saying. I am currently living in the U.K. and the only reason I do not return to Malta is because I do not wish the Maltese Education system on my children!! My children are far more relaxed and actually enjoy going to school and studying as there is no excessive pressure. There is far too much academic pressure on the Maltese children. I also strongly disagree with your comment that the U.K. system is more messed up than in Malta. Just in case you do not know Malta is one of the countries that has the lowest percentage of university graduates in Europe! .......and although it seems that trend in Malta is now for everyone to become a Lawyer that does not necessarily mean they are well rounded and educated as many of them
lack general knowledge outside the area of law big time!!!!

Jesmond Micallef

Jun 19th 2011, 19:46

On Education and Language :

The timesofmalta.com is a Maltese website written in english, hence it's accessible to a much wider audience / readership beyond the Maltese shores. To think that some european countries do not even bother with this language seems to suggest that they might consider themselves the creators of thought in the first place. Some europeans use below average english to get by domestically but when it comes to doing business in an international manner, they seem to transform themselves into money grabbers. Now what comes to mind here ? Foreigners living off social benefits and with integrative problems in europe, perhaps ?

Considering the fact that the Maltese are multilingual from a very early stage in thier formative years, perhaps they only need to learn to appropriately channel thier intellectual skills into other faculties of or lines of thought. This potential is already there within you dear fellow Maltese citizens. You are a very intelligent people.

Can a monolingual european understand this unquestionably creative line of thought ? I think not !!

Mr john vella

Jun 19th 2011, 21:11

@Christine Bonello
If your children are enjoying school in the U.K. that is nice, and if it is keeping you from coming back all I can wish you, is good for you.
On my part I came back exactly for the opposite reason. First for what I experienced and I wrote what I saw, also, the open discrimination by the locals was too much for us.
Alas, if your impression is everyone here is becoming a Lawyer, well I find your statement is far short to what the education system has accomplished here or you have been away far too long from home.

Peter Xuereb

Jun 20th 2011, 08:10

What is this? The Maltese National Party? You simply criticise him on the fact that he is not Maltese; despite the fact that he knows much more than you ever will on educational systems and will contribute to humanity much more than you will. Acting like an arrogant patriot doesn't make you look any more intelligent, loyal or "proud of your country", but simply backward minded and reminiscent of lessons that should have been learned during the 20th Century.

Mr john vella

Jun 20th 2011, 13:09

@Peter Xuereb
It is a pity if one speak his mind he is either NP or LP. The fact is today on Sky News I heard complains the way handicapped children or harassed at school and the police can not cope with the problem. I consider this learned gentleman like a shoemaker with a torn shoe. When the upbringing of children in the U.K. is like what he is suggestion us to be, surely it will be more deserving to advice his side first. As for your line of taught experience if you consider the British way is better, I do not. Here we have a smashing say: Some get their university degree for being good to be parrots with figures, others get their degree experience gained throughout their lives.

Mr john vella

Jun 19th 2011, 18:48

@Stephen Koludrovic
Your writeup that is referring us: "We are at the bottom rung of the educational ladder in Europe". I want you Sir to Back it up! Otherwise substantiate your allegation. I submit it is not true and for prudence will not call it a lie.
As a matter of fact Maltese professional and European Professional are at a par and this is the fact.

Mr john vella

Jun 19th 2011, 19:05

@Stephen Koludrovic
So we found the needle in the hay stack! it is religion, all souls day and carnival time according to you that is putting us down the ladder.
If you want to write: We are truly at the bottom rung of the educational ladder in Europe. I ask you to BACK IT UP!
Any Maltese profession or professional in Europe is at equal par to any in the European Union member, and that is the fact, not less religion.

Mr Ernest Vella

Jun 19th 2011, 20:28

People without values will be worst than have people without knowing how to read or write.

Mr Patrik Larsson

Jun 20th 2011, 07:55

Mr. Ernest Vella:
"People without values will be worst than have people without knowing how to read or write."

Why do you presume religion is the only way to gain values? In Sweden we have been taught comparative religion - hence, no values imposed, but simply knowledge - yet I doubt you would claim we were brought up without values.

Children definitely need to learn to think, especially before they speak. This seems to apply to some adults too.

Stephen Koludrovic

Jun 19th 2011, 22:09

you have a point, I had the same feeling when I was in school.

G Caruana Dingli

Jun 19th 2011, 23:00

Biography

Professor Roger Murphy is a highly experienced educational researcher who has done much of his work in the field of educational assessment and evaluation. He is currently Director of the Centre for Developing and Evaluating Lifelong Learning and the Institute for Research into Learning and Teaching in Higher Education in the School of Education at the University of Nottingham. Professor Murphy is also Director of the Visual LearningLab, which is a HEFCE funded Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning. In addition he is part of the Management Team for the Centre for Social Research in Health and Healthcare, which is an interdisciplinary research centre involving the Schools of Nursing, Community Health Sciences, Pharmacy, Sociology and Social Policy and Education.

Professor Murphy has worked in Higher Education for over 25 years. During that time he has been President of the British Educational Research Association, a member of the Education Panel for the National Research Assessment Exercise and Dean of Education and Head of the School of Education at the University of Nottingham.

Professor Murphy has two degrees in Psychology and is a qualified Primary School teacher. His research interests all fall within a broad area of educational research, assessment and evaluation, and he has undertaken over 100 major research projects relating to all phases of education, work based and lifelong learning. He is also the author of over 100 books and articles in scholarly academic journals.

He has wide experience of working closely with educational practitioners and policy makers, and has undertaken major consultancies in Hong Kong, Australia, Ghana, Oman and Malta.

He is a very experienced supervisor of MPhils and PhDs and has to date supervised 19 successful PhD theses.

In 2005 he received the Lord Dearing Award for Excellence in Teaching and Learning from the University of Nottingham.

Mr steve Micalled

Jun 19th 2011, 20:22

There isnt that much of a difference with the amount of school time in the UK - they only have 3 weeks more than us. I taught in the UK for 7 mnths and the level of education is atrocious. Imperialist Britain may have given them a degree of snobbishness however they DO NOT have the level of education that we have here in Malta - it doesnt even compare!!

With regards to teachers in Malta - YES we are professional. We are professional because we give a damn about our pupils - we observe and cater for their needs, unlike the UK. The only thing, in my experience that UK schools care about is their school rating with Ofsted and what HMI will say when the inspectors visit the classrooms. And even then, out come the 'model' files, with the 'model' lesson plan for the 'model lesson. At least us Maltese teachers are truthful and dedicated from start to finish, working to the best of our ability Mr.Murphy. We think about the children before silly paper work and opinions!!!

Joe Fenech

Jun 20th 2011, 01:31

You can't generalise about English schools. Some are very good and not even the best Maltese independent school would compare. I appreciate what you're saying about OFSTED but things are not as straight forward as you describe them.

Ms Lina CARUANA

Jun 19th 2011, 17:29

Stop first of all shifting the issue on parents. Parents also carry their responsibilities but when you talk of education talk about students and teachers. Education exists to help parents carry their responsibilities to educate their children and then one should talk about the best of collaboration between parents and teachers.

Mr Peter Korsten

Jun 19th 2011, 20:40

Yes, such a pity that air conditioning hasn't yet made it to the Maltese islands.

Mr Carmel Pule'

Jun 19th 2011, 18:19

There is a law which is called" the law of diminishing returns!"
It principle is very easy to understand. If you have a small field and you employ one man to cultivate it , then you will have a rate of growin food. If you have a larger field and you employ people in the same proportion as when you had one man for a certain area, there comes a time when the product is far less than what you expect because more men would mean more talking and more skiving etc. Unfortunately, when there are people involved, bigger does not mean better. Now if you replace people with Robots as most industry is now doing , ah that is different, production is in proportion to the robots, and even better for there is reducnancy and if one robot fails the others can make up easily for its loss, but with humans, as you say, returns will diminish the bigger one goes and this applies for schools and universities.

Mr John Bonnici

Jun 19th 2011, 22:55

Mr Pule' all you needed to do more in order to explain this in a better way , is to draw the graph, and show the diminishing gradient hahahah. However if the government is building more schools its a sign that there are more students. The main problem in my advice is the behaviour of students. Also we need teachers with more stamina. This though comes from experience and training, which I' m happy to say that UOM is doing its best in this aspect, which consistently sends its students to different schools in order for them to get hands on experience.

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