Japan upgraded its month-old nuclear emergency to a maximum seven on an international scale of atomic crises yesterday, placing it on a par with the Chernobyl disaster a quarter-century ago.
The reassessment to a “major accident” with “widespread health and environmental effects” was based on the total radiation released, which officials said was one-tenth of the 1986 accident in the then Soviet Union.
Prime Minister Naoto Kan, however, also stressed that “step by step, the reactors in the Fukushima Daiichi power plant are moving towards stability. The level of radioactive materials released is declining.”
“We have caused a great deal of trouble for the world,” the centre-left premier added in a televised press conference, stressing that “we must make efforts to increase the safety of nuclear reactors”.
As workers continued their struggle to stabilise the charred reactors, Japan was rocked by more aftershocks from the 9.0-magnitude quake on March 11 that sent a massive tsunami barrelling into the northeast coast.
By the latest count the tectonic disaster, the country’s worst post-war crisis, had killed more than 13,000 people and left over 14,500 others missing. Around 150,000 people are still in emergency shelters. In the latest of a series of recent quakes, a powerful 6.3-magnitude tremor struck Fukushima prefecture yesterday afternoon, forcing the temporary evacuation of nuclear plant workers and rattling buildings in Tokyo.
Explosions rocked the reactor buildings in the days after the quake, but a senior government official who asked not to be named said that now, “the biggest threat is definitely aftershocks and tsunamis.”
More than 400 aftershocks stronger than 5.0 have hit since March 11.
The reassessment on the UN’s International Nuclear Events Scale (INES) came as Japan prepared to evacuate more people living near the plant, extending the 20-kilometre exclusion zone to take in several towns further afield.
Level seven accidents on the INES scale involve a “major release of radioactive material with widespread health and environmental effects requiring implementation of planned and extended countermeasures”.
Each level on the scale indicates a roughly 10-fold increase in severity.
The previous rating of five had placed the unfolding disaster at the tsunami-hit Fukushima plant northeast of Tokyo on the same level as the 1979 Three Mile Island accident in the US state of Pennsylvania.
Despite the upgrade, nuclear safety agency official Hidehiko Nishiyama said there were marked differences between the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents.
“In Chernobyl, there was acute exposure to a high level of radiation, and 29 people died from it,” he said, referring to the initial radiation deaths within the first days and weeks. “This is not the case in Fukushima.” The official also said that while in the Chernobyl accident the reactor had exploded, “in Fukushima... the reactors themselves have stayed intact, although we are seeing some leakage”.
However, an official for operator Tokyo Electrical Power Co. (TEPCO) said that “the radiation leak has not stopped completely and our concern is that it could eventually exceed Chernobyl”, media reports said.
Nuclear experts looking at Fukushima have said that partial meltdowns took place when reactor cooling systems failed, causing a series of explosions that leaked radioactive material into the atmosphere.