Close-ups of Maltese nature (51)
Mediterranean buckthorn
The rare evergreen Mediterranean buckthorn, alaternu, (Scientific name: Rhamnus alaternus) is a native shrub, with one of the best known populations found growing at Wied Ħarq Ħamiem in the limits of Pembroke.
It is typically found growing in valleys, abandoned fields and maquis (a community of small trees characteristic of the Mediterranean).
Recently, it has been noticed that the species is flourishing and spreading on our islands. This positive trend is probably due to the decrease in goat-grazing – a practice which has had a considerable effect on our wild flora.
The Mediterranean buckthorn is probably the fastest growing tree on our islands. It is capable of growing to a height of around five metres and bears smooth, leathery leaves which are usually oval or lance-shaped, and possibly serrated.
In winter, the tree is decked with tiny yellow-green flowers on spike-like clusters. The male and female flowers are different from each other and are borne on separate plants. Upon fertilisation, a berry-like fruit is formed, which is at first red, but turns black when mature.
This tree uses a number of interesting methods for seed dispersal, for example through ants. These insects are attracted to the buckthorn’s fruits, which they collect and hoard underground as food. As a consequence, any uneaten seeds may germinate in soils which have good aeration and are nutrient-rich.
The Mediterranean buckthorn is considered to be a strictly protected tree under national legislation and one should not prune, fell or uproot this tree without previously obtaining the necessary permits from the competent authorities.
More information may be obtained by e-mail: nature.requests@mepa.org.mt.
The United Nations declared 2010 to be the International Year of Biodiversity. Malta, together with many other countries around the globe, is carrying out a number of initiatives to celebrate life on earth and the value of biodiversity for our lives. We are all invited to take action in 2010 to safeguard the variety of life on earth: Biodiversity.