There has been an "alarming" rise in spammers and hackers hunting for victims at online social networks, according to a report by computer security firm Sophos.

A "Social Security" investigation revealed an "explosion" of spam messages and nefarious software targeting users of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter.

"Computer users are spending more time on social networks, sharing sensitive and valuable personal information, and hackers have sniffed out where the money is to be made," said Sophos senior technology consultant Graham Cluley.

"Social networks and their millions of users have to do more to protect themselves from organised cybercrime, or risk falling prey to identity theft schemes, scams, and malware attacks."

Facebook last month announced an alliance with Internet security specialty firm McAfee to get members of the world's leading online social network to better defend their computers.

"Facebook is by far the largest social network - and you'll find more bad apples in the biggest orchard," explained Mr Cluley.

"The truth is that the security team at Facebook works hard to counter threats on their site - it's just that policing 350 million users can't be an easy job for anyone."

Facebook users whose accounts are breached by malicious software or other cyberattacks will need to have their computers cleansed by McAfee before returning to life in the online community.

Facebook members are also being offered free six-month subscriptions to McAfee security software and then discounted prices for continued service.

McAfee and Facebook have collaborated on a free tool for cleaning up infected computers.

"If we get people's machines this protection, it is better for them, for Facebook, and the internet as a whole," Facebook director of communications and public policy Barry Schnitt said at the time of the announcement.

The Sophos study found that 57 per cent of online social network users reported getting spam in their virtual communities in what amounted to a 70.6 per cent jump from the prior year.

Some 36 per cent of social network users queried said they had been sent software worms, viruses or other types of "malware" in what amounted to a 69.8 per cent leap from the previous 12-month period, according to Sophos.