Grandson takes court action to clear Josef Stalin's name

Josef Stalin was in the dock when a Russian court held a preliminary hearing in a libel case brought by his grandson over a newspaper story which said the tyrant had ordered the killings of Soviet citizens.

Rights groups say the case shows a creeping attempt in modern Russia to paint a more benevolent picture of the Soviet Union's most feared leader, under whose rule millions perished. Stalin's grandson, Yevgeny Dzhugashvili, is seeking 9.5 million roubles ($299,000) from the Novaya Gazeta newspaper and 500,000 roubles from the author of an article published last April claiming Stalin personally signed politburo death orders.

Leonid Zhura, a convinced Stalinist who is representing Dzhugashvili in court, said that the article - based on declassified Kremlin documents - damaged Stalin's reputation.

"Half a century of lies have been poured over Stalin's reputation and he cannot defend himself from the grave so this case is essential to put the record straight," said Mr Zhura.

"We want to rehabilitate Mr Stalin," he said. "He turned populations into peoples, he presided over a golden era in literature and the arts, he was a real leader."

A phrase in the article saying Stalin and the secret police committed grave crimes against their own people caused particular offence, Mr Zhura said.

The many sides of the Stalin myth - bloody tyrant and war leader, pipe-smoking Kremlin puppet master and economic miracle worker - are still the subject of a heated debate in Russia 20 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Gilded words of praise for the dictator were unveiled last week on the marbled halls of a central Moscow metro station and Stalin was voted Russia's third most popular figure in history in a nationwide poll last year.

Russia buried last August Soviet-era dissident and author Alexander Solzhenitsyn, who was sent to a Gulag (labour camp) for making a joke about Stalin, in a religious ceremony which bore all the hallmarks of a state funeral. But in the public arena in today's Russia, there is very little talk about the millions of Soviets who perished in Gulag labour camps or from famine during Stalin's rule.