In 1836, the site opposite the Auberge d'Aragon was selected for the construction of the Anglican cathedral. Construction was entrusted to Richard Lankesheer, and the first stone was laid by Queen Adelaide on March 20, 1839. The church was built over the site of the former Auberge d'Allemagne.

The cathedral is modeled in the neo-classical style. The front consists of a six-column Ionic portico with unfluted columns. The portico is crowned by a classical triangular pediment. Two symmetrically-placed doorways provide access from the portico. The belfry tower which starts from the street below, contrasts with the rest of the building. The base is constructed like a fortified tower with slightly sloping sides which then rises vertically upwards and is roofed by a large spire. The spire is a Valletta landmark, rising to over 60 meters. The exuberant Corinthian columns and flags in the aisles, balance the austere exterior with its simple Ionic pillars.

Inappropriate construction techniques led to extensive damage to the structure which inevitably led to the reconstruction of part of the church by William Scamp who introduced changes to Lankesheer's elevations.

Mepa scheduled the Anglican cathedral of St Paul as a Grade 1 national monument as per Government Notice number 276/08 in the Government Gazette dated March 28.