Three years on, New Orleans divided between success and failure

Three years after Hurricane Katrina wrecked parts of New Orleans, all that separates the biggest successes and failures in the city's revival is a short drive.

Fifteen minutes by car takes you from the elegant streets of a French Quarter once more bustling with tourists - albeit fewer than pre-Katrina - to areas like New Orleans East, where Ronald Wattigny is still at work.

Mr Wattigny's home was flooded by 1.2 metres of water when the Katrina-lashed levees broke in August 2005, flooding 80 per cent of New Orleans and killing almost 1,500 people. The category three hurricane caused €83.6 billion in wind and flood damage along the Gulf of Mexico coast.

"It's been three years, and I need to get back in here," Mr Wattigny, 62, said as he worked on the structure last month, sweat pouring off him in the hot, humid air.

Prolonged exposure to water rotted all the wood in Mr Wattigny's home, from the floor to the roof. He has replaced the roof and is working on building new walls, and aims to move back in by the end of summer.

He has been out of work since Katrina struck, as he focuses on trying to get back into his home. He has received nearly €40,000 in rebuilding aid from the state and also gets help from volunteers at the local high school.

"This is very much a tale of two cities," said Arnie Fielkow, a member of the New Orleans city council since 2006 and credited by many here with pushing the city to improve recovery efforts. "The tourist areas of town have been open for business for a long time," he said. "But getting people back into hard-hit neighbourhoods is one of the challenges we still face."

Mardi Gras tourists flocked back to the French Quarter in February, bringing much needed dollars. But while the tourist hot spots look like the storm never hit, lower-income areas like New Orleans East and Holy Cross, a neighbourhood of the flooded-out Lower 9th Ward, are struggling to get people to return. Just 300,000 people live in New Orleans, down from 500,000 before Katrina.

In Holy Cross, less than 15 per cent of the buildings have been rebuilt and are inhabited. Old wooden houses slowly rot, still bearing on their walls the painted marks left by the US military after Katrina to show whether corpses were inside.

In areas near where the levees broke, only concrete patches remain, showing where houses were washed off their foundations. In places, vegetation grows thick and wild where homes once stood.

"It's a chicken-and-egg situation," said Charles Allen of the Holy Cross Neighbourhood Association. "People won't come back unless there are jobs for them, while companies aren't going to move here unless there are people to work for them."

The Road Home, a Louisiana state programme aimed at providing federal funds to owners of homes damaged or destroyed by the storms of 2005, has so far distributed €4.4 billion in federal funding to some 114,615 applicants, including Mr Wattigny's nearly €40,000. But, three years on, 42,000 applicants have still not received any funds.

"The worst affected are people in the lower-income brackets who don't know how to navigate their way through the system where the rules seem to change from day to day," said Davida Finger, an attorney at Loyola University's Law Clinic, which gives free advice to lower-income residents.

Paul Rainwater, executive director of the Louisiana Recovery Authority and head of Road Home since last January, said he has improved the appeals process for applications that are rejected or seen by homeowners as too low.

"Unfortunately, this is a state programme and I simply can't get rid of all the bureaucracy," he said. "But I can streamline the processes and tighten deadlines to make the programme run faster."

Mr Rainwater said he aims to have most remaining applications handled by next summer, when the programme is due to end. Road Home has nearly €2 billion in funds left to distribute.

Factbox on New Orleans

Following are some statistics for New Orleans before and after Hurricane Katrina:

• Population: According to the US Census Bureau, in July 2005 the population of New Orleans was 453,726. In July 2007 the population was 239,124. City officials now estimate the population has risen to around 300,000.

• Tourism: Tourism is the mainstay of the local economy. In 2004, the last full year before Katrina, the city had 10.1 million visitors, according to data from the University of New Orleans Hospitality Research Centre. In 2006 that fell to 3.7 million and last year 7.1 million people visited the city.

• Schools: Reopening schools is seen as crucial if the city wants to persuade former residents to return. According to theLouisiana Department of Education, in February 2008 there were 32,887 children enrolled in schools in New Orleans, down from 66,372 in the 2004-2005 school year.

• Sales taxes: City revenue from sales taxes dropped from €7.5 million in August 2005 to €736,000 million a month later. In February 2008 - Mardi Gras is held in February - sales taxes reached €7.8 million, up 10 per cent from the previous year.

• Unemployment: The labour market in New Orleans is very tight because so many people have not returned to the city, leaving many employers struggling to fill jobs. The unemployment rate in the first quarter of this year was 3.1 per cent - compared with a national rate of 4.8 percent. Before Katrina, local unemployment was running above four per cent, according to the US Bureau of Labour Statistics.