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I was hungry

I was hungry …. And you threw away the food.

I was thirsty … and you offered me biofuel

A study released in Great Britain shows that food wastage there amounts to around £600 per family annually! I heard this report during a news bulletin on Classic FM. Several other impressive statistics were given but this one stuck in my mind.

I don’t know of any such study conducting in Malta but I am sure that the level of wastage is high over here as well. Our dustbins the day after occasions such as Christmas would provide a feast for most of the people of the world who suffer hunger.

These examples of waste are part of the scandalous international scenario. On the one hand there is still enough food in the world to feed the global population. According to the FAO the world could feed up to 12 billion people in the future. On the other hand the food situation is worsening day after day.

The statistics of shame

Look at the following examples:

  • Wheat prices increased by 130% in the period between March 2007- March 2008.
  • Rice prices increased by almost 80% in the period up to 2008.
  • Maize prices increased by 35% between March 2007 and March 2008.
  • In many countries cereal prices have doubled or tripled over the last year.
  • In Haiti the government fell because of this issue and protests have taken place in other countries such as Cameroun, Egypt, and the Philippines…
  • In Guatemala, the price of tortillas, a staple food, has risen 30 percent in the past few months.
  • Poor Mexicans, who eat nearly a pound of tortillas a day per person, have seen the price double in the past two years. Workers earning the minimum wage of about $4 a day now spend as much as one-third of their earnings on tortillas for the family.
  • Inflation last year in Ethiopia was 20 percent, and church workers report more people, especially women, children and the elderly, living on the streets and knocking on church doors for help.
  • In Burkina Faso, the prices of staple foods rose between 14 percent and 67 percent. Families now spend as much as 75 percent of their income on food. Unlike past years, this year these price increases are appearing at harvest time, when products are most abundant and prices should be low.

The basic question is: why is there so much starvation when Mother Earth has enough resources to feed all its children?

I will look at just two reasons mentioned while I propose this question for our discussion the question and the answers given.

Cleaner environment and empty stomachs

The emphasis in favour of biofiol has been a cause of food price rises. The US and the EU have been on the forfront of those advocating the use of biofuels as these feuls are environmental friendly and reduce our dependence of fossil feuls. One could easily see that there was a lot of money in this new line of business. Consequently land use was being changed from land for food to land for fuel. A substantial amount of US maize has suddenly “disappeared” as its use was diverted to ethanol production.

According to a news dispatch by Catholic World News‘ Siwa Msangi, a research fellow at the food policy institute, a recent study found that between 25 percent and 33 percent of the increase in food prices between 2000 and 2006 "seems to be driven by the biofuels effect."

The same agency quoted Fr Varghese Mattamana, executive director of Caritas India, the Catholic Church's aid organization, saying "any diversion of land from food or feed production to production of energy biomass will influence food prices, as both compete for the same input."

In a report released in December, the International Food Policy Research Institute warned that "world cereal and energy prices are becoming increasingly linked." Wheat and petroleum prices have tripled since 2000, while corn and rice prices have nearly doubled.

Many countries are suffering a lot. Egypt, for example, is one of the largest cereal importers. Less produce meant higher prices, In Egypt food prices, including subsidized bread, went up by nearly 30% last year. In the Philippines, the government is now looking at some 1.2 million hectares for jatropha production in the southern island of Mindanao operated by the Philippine National Oil Co.-Alternative Fuels Corporation, It is also identifying more than 400,000 hectares of land for private sector investments. (Jatropha curcas is a drought-tolerant non-edible shrub. It produces fruits the size of golf balls which contain oil that can be converted into agrofuels. These developments are expected to negatively impact food production, availability and prices.

On a positive note I add that biofeuls produced in Malta are produced from waste and so are not contributing to this crisis.

The policies of death

La Via Campesina, an international organisation of small farmers, say that neo-liberal policies have destroyed the capacities of countries to feed themselves.

They say that after 14 years of NAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreements) Mexico went through a major crisis often dubbed as the “tortilla crisis”. From an exporting country Mexico has become dependent on US maize imports and current imports 30 percent of its maize. Nowadays, while increased amounts of US maize have suddenly been diverted to agro-fuels production, quantities available for the Mexican markets have dropped, provoking price surges.

Another examples quoted by Via Campesina comes from Indonesia. In 1992, Indonesian farmers produced enough soya to supply the domestic market. Soya-based tofu and 'tempeh' are an important part of the daily diet throughout the archipelago. Following the neo-liberal doctrine, the country opened its borders to food imports, allowing cheap US soy to flood the market. This destroyed national production. Today, 60% of the soy consumed in Indonesia is imported. Record prices for US soy last January led to a national crisis when the price of 'tempeh' and tofu (the « meat of the poor ») doubled in a few weeks.

According to the FAO the food deficit in West Africa increased by 81% between 1995 and 2004. During the same period cereal imports increased by 102%, sugar imports by 83%, dairy products by 152% and poultry by 500%. However, according to IFAD (2007) the region has the potential to produce sufficient amounts of food.

What do you think?

Many answers have been and are being given besides the two I have just referred to. Some blame corrupt governments in Third World Countries, others blame climate change, still others say that higher standards of living lead more people to eat meat and put more pressure on food production; others say that the poor have too many children.

What do you think?

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